Topic 2 - Quantitative Analysis Flashcards
What value is represented by a mole?
6.023x10^23 (602300000000000000000000)
Why is the value of a mole as it is?
One mole of atoms or molecules of any substance will have a mass in grams equal to the relative formula mass (A~r or M~r) for that substance
What is the molar mass of a substance?
The mass of one mole in grams
What is the formula relating mass, moles and M~r?
mass, g (of element or compound) = number of moles x M~r (of element or compound)
OR
number of moles = mass, g o element or compound) / M~r (of element or compound) ¦¦¦¦
Mass on top of triangle
Carbon has A~r = 12. What is the mass in grams of one mole of carbon?
12g
Describe the experiment to find out how much of a substance is dissolved in a solution.
1) Weigh clean, dry evaporating basin. Weigh 10g of solution and put into basin.
2) Gently heat basin to evaporate water from solution.
3) When all water seems evaporated, weigh dry evaporating basin and remaining solid again. Reheat and weigh evaporating basin + contents until no further change in mass - know then all water has evaporated.
What is meant by concentration?
Concentration is a measure of how much stuff dissolved in a certain amount of solution.
What two units can concentration be measured in?
g/dm^3 or mol/dm^3
What is the formula to work out the mass concentration?
mass concentration = mass, g / volume, dm^3
How do you convert from mass concentration to mole concentration?
mole concentration, mol dm^-3 = mass concentration, g dm^-3 / M~r
How do you convert from mole concentration to mass concentration?
mass concentration, g dm^-3 = mole concentration, mol dm^-3 x M~r
How does hard water react with soap?
- Won’t easily lather; reacts to form a precipitate of scum
- More soap is needed to get a lather so lots is wasted
What ions does hard water contain?
Calcium ions (Ca^2+) and magnesium ions (Mg^2+)
What causes temporary hardness and where does it come from?
Calcium hydrogencarbonate Ca(HCO3)2
Calcium carbonate reacts with acid rain
How does calcium hydrogencarbonate react with water?
Soluble and dissolves in water, releasing calcium Ca[2+] ions