Topic 2 Part 2

Question 1

is a non-instrumental perceptibility
measure of damage to structures, ground
surface effects, ( e.g. fractures, cracks and
landslides) and human reactions to earthquake
shaking.

Answer 1

Intensity

Question 2

is a non-instrumental perceptibility
measure of damage to structures, ground
surface effects, ( e.g. fractures, cracks and
landslides) and human reactions to earthquake
shaking.

Answer 2

Intensity

Question 3

It is a descriptive method which has been
traditionally used to establish earthquake size,
especially for pre-instrumental events.

Answer 3

Intensity

Question 4

It is a descriptive method which has been
traditionally used to establish earthquake size,
especially for pre-instrumental events.

Answer 4

Intensity

Question 5

It is a subjective damage evaluation metric
because of its qualitative nature, related to
population density, familiarity with earthquake
and type of constructions.

Answer 5

Intensity

Question 6

is a measure of the total energy
released by an earthquake at its source
(hypocenter or focus).
•

Answer 6

Magnitude

Question 7

is a measure of the total energy
released by an earthquake at its source
(hypocenter or focus).
•

Answer 7

Magnitude

Question 8

• It is a quantitative, objective measure that does
not change with distance from the earthquake’s
epicenter.

Answer 8

Magnitude

Question 9

• It is a single, objective value that is used to
compare the size of earthquakes globally

Answer 9

Magnitude

Question 10

is calculated based on seismic data
recorded by seismographs, which capture the
amplitude of seismic waves.

Answer 10

Magnitude

Question 11

is calculated based on seismic data
recorded by seismographs, which capture the
amplitude of seismic waves.

Answer 11

Magnitude

Question 12

three different ways to measure the
size of an earthquake, each with its own
applications and methods for calculation.

Answer 12

Local Magnitude Scale, Surface Wave
Magnitude Scale, and Moment Magnitude
Scale

Question 13

three different ways to measure the
size of an earthquake, each with its own
applications and methods for calculation.

Answer 13

Local Magnitude Scale, Surface Wave
Magnitude Scale, and Moment Magnitude
Scale

Question 14

also known as the
Richter Scale, was the first widely used method
for measuring earthquakes.
• It was developed by Charles F. Richter in 1935 to
estimate earthquake size based on seismic
waves recorded at a certain distance from the
epicenter.

Answer 14

Local Magnitude Scale,

Question 15

also known as the
Richter Scale, was the first widely used method
for measuring earthquakes.
• It was developed by Charles F. Richter in 1935 to
estimate earthquake size based on seismic
waves recorded at a certain distance from the
epicenter.

Answer 15

Local Magnitude Scale,

Question 16

Primarily used to measure small to
medium-sized earthquakes in a local region,
generally within 600 km of the epicenter

Answer 16

Local Magnitude Scale,

Question 17

The scale is most effective for
earthquakes of magnitude 3 to 7 and becomes less
accurate for larger earthquakes or those occurring
at great depths.

Answer 17

Local Magnitude Scale,

Question 18

The scale is most effective for
earthquakes of magnitude 3 to 7 and becomes less
accurate for larger earthquakes or those occurring
at great depths.

Answer 18

Local Magnitude Scale,

Question 19

measures
the size of earthquakes based on surface waves
(specifically Rayleigh waves) that travel along
the Earth’s surface.
• These waves tend to cause the most damage
during an earthquake because they have large
amplitudes and affect the Earth’s surface.

Answer 19

SURFACE WAVE MAGNITUDE SCALE,Ms

Question 20

measures
the size of earthquakes based on surface waves
(specifically Rayleigh waves) that travel along
the Earth’s surface.
• These waves tend to cause the most damage
during an earthquake because they have large
amplitudes and affect the Earth’s surface.

Answer 20

SURFACE WAVE MAGNITUDE SCALE,Ms

Question 21

It is most effective for large earthquakes
(magnitude 5.5 and above), but it is less accurate for
deep or distant earthquakes.

Answer 21

SURFACE WAVE MAGNITUDE SCALE,Ms

Question 22

is the most
modern and widely used earthquake magnitude
scale.
• It measures the total energy released by an
earthquake, including energy from both body and
surface waves, and is especially effective for
large and deep earthquakes.

Answer 22

MOMENT MAGNITUDE SCALE,Mw

Question 23

is the most
modern and widely used earthquake magnitude
scale.
• It measures the total energy released by an
earthquake, including energy from both body and
surface waves, and is especially effective for
large and deep earthquakes.

Answer 23

MOMENT MAGNITUDE SCALE,Mw

Question 24

Designed to overcome the limitations of
the Richter and Surface Wave Magnitude scales,
Mw provides the most accurate measurement for
all earthquake sizes and depths

Answer 24

MOMENT MAGNITUDE SCALE,Mw

Question 25

Works for all earthquake magnitudes, including
very large events (Mw 8 or higher) where the Richter
scale becomes less accurate.
• Can measure energy release more accurately for
deep-focus earthquakes and those that don’t
generate large surface waves.

Answer 25

MOMENT MAGNITUDE SCALE,Mw

Question 26

calculated based on the
seismic moment (M₀), which is a function of the fault
area, the average slip on the fault, and the rigidity of the
rocks

Answer 26

MOMENT MAGNITUDE SCALE,Mw

Question 27

calculated based on the
seismic moment (M₀), which is a function of the fault
area, the average slip on the fault, and the rigidity of the
rocks

Answer 27

MOMENT MAGNITUDE SCALE,Mw

Question 28

is the standard
scale used by seismologists today, especially for
large or significant earthquakes, such as those
above magnitude 6.
• It is also the scale reported by the United States
Geological Survey (USGS) and other global seismic
monitoring agencies.

Answer 28

MOMENT MAGNITUDE SCALE,Mw

Question 29

is the standard
scale used by seismologists today, especially for
large or significant earthquakes, such as those
above magnitude 6.
• It is also the scale reported by the United States
Geological Survey (USGS) and other global seismic
monitoring agencies.

Answer 29

MOMENT MAGNITUDE SCALE,Mw