Topic 2 Part 1 Flashcards
are waves of energy that travel
through the Earth’s layers, generated by events
like earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, or manmade explosions.
Seismic waves
These waves are responsible for the shaking felt
during an earthquake and are crucial for
understanding Earth’s internal structure, as
they provide information about the composition
and properties of the Earth’s crust, mantle, and
core.
Seismic waves
These waves are responsible for the shaking felt
during an earthquake and are crucial for
understanding Earth’s internal structure, as
they provide information about the composition
and properties of the Earth’s crust, mantle, and
core.
Seismic waves
These travel through the Earth’s
interior.
Body Waves
These travel through the Earth’s
interior.
Body Waves
These travel along the Earth’s
surface.
Surface Waves
Also known as compressional waves,
are the fastest type of seismic waves and are
the first to be detected by seismometers during
an earthquak
P-Waves (Primary Waves)
Also known as compressional waves,
are the fastest type of seismic waves and are
the first to be detected by seismometers during
an earthquak
P-Waves (Primary Waves)
compress and expand the
material they travel through, moving particles in
the same direction as the wave’s propagation (a
back-and-forth motion)
P-Waves (Primary Waves)
compress and expand the
material they travel through, moving particles in
the same direction as the wave’s propagation (a
back-and-forth motion)
P-Waves (Primary Waves)
travel along the Earth’s surface
and typically cause the most damage during an
earthquake because of their larger amplitudes
and slower speeds.
Surface waves
travel along the Earth’s surface
and typically cause the most damage during an
earthquake because of their larger amplitudes
and slower speeds.
Surface waves
These waves cause a rolling motion, similar to
ocean waves, as they move along the Earth’s
surface
Rayleigh Waves:
These waves cause a rolling motion, similar to
ocean waves, as they move along the Earth’s
surface
Rayleigh Waves:
move both vertically
and horizontally, causing particles to follow an
elliptical path
Rayleigh Waves:
These surface waves move the ground
horizontally, side to side.
Love Waves (L-Waves):
These surface waves move the ground
horizontally, side to side.
Love Waves (L-Waves):
an instrument that records, as a
function of time, the motion of the earth’s surface
due to the seismic waves generated by the
earthquake.
seismograph
an instrument that records, as a
function of time, the motion of the earth’s surface
due to the seismic waves generated by the
earthquake.
seismograph
The actual record of ground shaking from the
seismograph, known as a
seismogram
is the internal part of the
seismograph, which may be a pendulum, or a
mass mounted on a spring; however, it is often
used synonymously with “seismograph”
seismometer
is defined
as a low-magnification
seismograph that is specially
designed to record the
ground acceleration during
the earthquake.
accelerograph
are
two constants that describe the mechanical
properties of isotropic elastic materials.
Lamé parameters
are
two constants that describe the mechanical
properties of isotropic elastic materials.
Lamé parameters
These parameters are commonly used in
elasticity theory to relate stress and strain in
materials, such as in seismic wave
propagation or material deformation.
Lamé parameters
also known as the shear modulus (G) or
modulus of rigidity.
Second Lamé Parameter (μ)
