topic 2 (organisation) Flashcards
tissue
a group of cells with a similar structure ad function
organ
a group of tissues working together for a specific function
organ system
organs grouped together in an organ system which work together
three main nutrients
carbohydrates
protein
lipids (fats)
digestive enzymes
amylase – breaks down starch and produces simple sugars
protease – breaks down proteins into amino acids
lipases – digests lipid molecules and it produces glycerol and fatty acids
enzymes
Enzymes are proteins that act as biological catalysts. Catalysts accelerate chemical reactions
lock and key theory (enzymes)
the lock is the enzymes active site and the key is the substrate
arteries
Arteries are blood vessels responsible for carrying oxygen-rich blood away from the heart to the body
veins
Veins are blood vessels that carry blood low in oxygen from the body back to the heart for reoxygenation.
valves
keep the blood flowing
capillaries
Capillaries are very tiny blood vessels,They help to connect your arteries and veins in addition to facilitating the exchange of certain elements between your blood and tissues.
red blood cells
helps carry oxygen from the lungs to the rest of the body and then returns carbon dioxide from the body to the lungs so it can be exhaled
white blood cells
White blood cells are part of the body’s immune system. They help the body fight infection and other diseases.
platelets
Platelets are tiny blood cells that help your body form clots to stop bleeding
plasma
The main role of plasma is to take nutrients, hormones, and proteins to the parts of the body that need it.
cardiovascular disease
cardiovascular diseases are diseases of the heart and vessels
e.g coronary heart disease
-layers of fatty material build up in the coronary
arteries
-this causes them to narrow
-and reduces flow of blood
-this results in lack of oxygen for the heart
treatments= medication (statins), or a stent to keep arteries open
cancer
rapid and uncontrolled growth/division of cells in an organ leading to tumours
benign tumour
Benign refers to a condition, tumor, or growth that is not cancerous. This means that it does not spread to other parts of the body.
malignant tumour
Malignant refers to cancer cells that can invade and kill nearby tissue and spread to other parts of your body.
type of diseases
communicable disease = disease that can be spread from one person to another
non-communicable diseases are diseases that cannot be spread from one person to another
life style diseases
diet (lots of sugar) = diabetes ,heart disease…
smoking = lung cancer
alcohol = sickness ,memory loss….
the lungs
Your lungs bring fresh oxygen into your body. They remove the carbon dioxide and other waste gases that your body’s doesn’t need. To breathe in (inhale), you use the muscles of your rib cage – especially the major muscle, the diaphragm. Your diaphragm tightens and flattens, allowing you to suck air into your lungs
the digestive system
read notes in folder!!!
the heart
- oxygenated blood goes into the heart through the right atrium
- then goes through the right ventricle to the lungs where it is oxygenated
- now the oxygenated blood goes through the left atrium
- from there it goes out through the left vertical and to the rest of the body
plant organisation
Plant cells, tissues and organs are adapted to their functions. The stem, root and leaves form an organ system that transports substances into, around and out of a plant. The leaves are the main organ of photosynthesis.
