topic 2 (organisation)

Question 1

tissue

Answer 1

a group of cells with a similar structure ad function

Question 2

organ

Answer 2

a group of tissues working together for a specific function

Question 3

organ system

Answer 3

organs grouped together in an organ system which work together

Question 4

three main nutrients

Answer 4

carbohydrates
protein
lipids (fats)

Question 5

digestive enzymes

Answer 5

amylase – breaks down starch and produces simple sugars
protease – breaks down proteins into amino acids
lipases – digests lipid molecules and it produces glycerol and fatty acids

Question 6

enzymes

Answer 6

Enzymes are proteins that act as biological catalysts. Catalysts accelerate chemical reactions

Question 7

lock and key theory (enzymes)

Answer 7

the lock is the enzymes active site and the key is the substrate

Question 8

arteries

Answer 8

Arteries are blood vessels responsible for carrying oxygen-rich blood away from the heart to the body

Question 9

veins

Answer 9

Veins are blood vessels that carry blood low in oxygen from the body back to the heart for reoxygenation.

Question 10

valves

Answer 10

keep the blood flowing

Question 11

capillaries

Answer 11

Capillaries are very tiny blood vessels,They help to connect your arteries and veins in addition to facilitating the exchange of certain elements between your blood and tissues.

Question 12

red blood cells

Answer 12

helps carry oxygen from the lungs to the rest of the body and then returns carbon dioxide from the body to the lungs so it can be exhaled

Question 13

white blood cells

Answer 13

White blood cells are part of the body’s immune system. They help the body fight infection and other diseases.

Question 14

platelets

Answer 14

Platelets are tiny blood cells that help your body form clots to stop bleeding

Question 15

plasma

Answer 15

The main role of plasma is to take nutrients, hormones, and proteins to the parts of the body that need it.

Question 16

cardiovascular disease

Answer 16

cardiovascular diseases are diseases of the heart and vessels
e.g coronary heart disease
-layers of fatty material build up in the coronary
arteries
-this causes them to narrow
-and reduces flow of blood
-this results in lack of oxygen for the heart

treatments= medication (statins), or a stent to keep arteries open

Question 17

cancer

Answer 17

rapid and uncontrolled growth/division of cells in an organ leading to tumours

Question 18

benign tumour

Answer 18

Benign refers to a condition, tumor, or growth that is not cancerous. This means that it does not spread to other parts of the body.

Question 19

malignant tumour

Answer 19

Malignant refers to cancer cells that can invade and kill nearby tissue and spread to other parts of your body.

Question 20

type of diseases

Answer 20

communicable disease = disease that can be spread from one person to another

non-communicable diseases are diseases that cannot be spread from one person to another

Question 21

life style diseases

Answer 21

diet (lots of sugar) = diabetes ,heart disease…
smoking = lung cancer
alcohol = sickness ,memory loss….

Question 22

the lungs

Answer 22

Your lungs bring fresh oxygen into your body. They remove the carbon dioxide and other waste gases that your body’s doesn’t need. To breathe in (inhale), you use the muscles of your rib cage – especially the major muscle, the diaphragm. Your diaphragm tightens and flattens, allowing you to suck air into your lungs

Question 23

the digestive system

Answer 23

read notes in folder!!!

Question 24

the heart

Answer 24

• oxygenated blood goes into the heart through the right atrium
• then goes through the right ventricle to the lungs where it is oxygenated
• now the oxygenated blood goes through the left atrium
• from there it goes out through the left vertical and to the rest of the body

Question 25

plant organisation

Answer 25

Plant cells, tissues and organs are adapted to their functions. The stem, root and leaves form an organ system that transports substances into, around and out of a plant. The leaves are the main organ of photosynthesis.