Topic 2-Organisation Flashcards
Principles of organisation ( small to big)
Microorganisms Tissue Organ Organ system Organism
Explain to digestive system including how it’s broke down
Food goes through the mouth where the salivary gland makes amylase then down the oesophagus into the stomach which pummels food with the muscular walls and makes protease, also made in the pancreas and small intestine. The stomach also contains hydrochloric acid to break down bacteria and then it goes to the small intestine where all enzymes are produced and food is abdsorbed, then it goes to the large intestine which absorbs excess water then waste out through the rectum.
Explain what protease is
Protease is an enzyme which specialises in breaking down protein into amino acids. It is made in the stomach, pancreas and small intestine.
Explain what amylase is.
Amylase, also know as carbohydrase, breaks down starch into simple sugars. It is made in the salivary gland, pancreas and small intestine.
Explain what lipase is.
Lipase is an enzyme which breaks down lipids (fats) into glycerol and fatty acids. It is made in the pancreas and small intestine.
What does bile do, where does it come from and where is it stored?
Bike neutralises stomach acid and emulsifies fat. It is made in the liver and is stored in the gall bladder.
What is the food test for sugars
To test for sugar you need to add Benedict and is it had sugar it will turn from blue to a yellow/red.
What is the food test for starch.
To test for starch add iodine and it starch is present it will go from orange to a dark blue.
Required practical- ph and enzyme activity method.
Put a drop of iodine in spotting tile and then heat water to 35 degrees Celsius. Add 1cm of amylase and 1cm of buffer solution (ph5) to a boiling tube and put it in a beaker for 5 minutes. Add 5cm of starch to the tube and mix it in, every 30 seconds put a drop of iodine until it remains orange and then repeat this at different ph levels with the buffer solution.
How do you calculate blood flow
Volume of blood/time taken
What components of blood are there and what do they do?
Red blood cells- Carry oxygen
White blood cells- Defend against bacteria
Platelets- Helps blood clot so that cuts can stop bleeding
Plasma- Carries all the components around the body
Explain the role of arteries
Carry blood away from the heart, around the body by using strong elastics walls with muscle to squeeze the blood around .
Explain the role of veins.
They take blood back to the heart. veIN. They have a large lumen and valves to make sure the blood only goes in one direction.
Explain the role of capillaries.
These are really small with a one cell thick wall which is permeable, these are close to cells for diffusion so that they can carry components to the main arteries and veins to be transported around the body.
What is coronary heart disease, what is a treatment and benefits and risks of treatment.
The disease leaves a fatty deposit in arteries which reduces the speed of blood flow, it can be treated by a stent which is a small stick in the arteries which hold the walls apart, this lowers the risk of a heart attack but there is possible operational accidents and it can cause a blood clot.
