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GCSE AQA Biology Paper 1 > Topic 2: Organisation > Flashcards

Topic 2: Organisation Flashcards

1
Q

What is the basic unit of life?

A

The cell.

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2
Q

True or False: Tissues are groups of similar cells that perform a specific function.

A

True.

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3
Q

What is the function of epithelial tissue?

A

To cover and protect surfaces and organs.

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4
Q

True or False: Cardiac muscle is under voluntary control.

A

False.

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5
Q

What are organs made of?

A

Two or more types of tissues working together.

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6
Q

What is an organ system?

A

A group of organs that work together to perform a specific function.

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7
Q

Which organ system is responsible for transporting blood throughout the body?

A

The circulatory system.

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8
Q

What is the main function of the respiratory system?

A

To facilitate gas exchange (oxygen and carbon dioxide).

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9
Q

Fill in the blank: The ______ system is responsible for breaking down food into nutrients.

A

digestive.

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10
Q

True or False: The nervous system is responsible for coordinating bodily functions.

A

True.

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11
Q

What type of tissue transmits electrical signals in the body?

A

Nervous tissue.

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12
Q

Which organ is primarily responsible for filtering blood in the body?

A

The kidneys.

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13
Q

Fill in the blank: The ______ system helps protect the body against disease.

A

immune.

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14
Q

What is the primary function of the skeletal system?

A

To provide structure and support to the body.

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15
Q

What is the term for a group of similar cells that perform a specific function?

A

Tissue.

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16
Q

Fill in the blank: The ______ system is responsible for the production of offspring.

A

reproductive.

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17
Q

Which system includes organs such as the heart and blood vessels?

A

The circulatory system.

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18
Q

True or False: All cells in the body have the same structure and function.

A

False.

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19
Q

What is the primary function of the muscular system?

A

To facilitate movement of the body.

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20
Q

What type of muscle is found in the heart?

A

Cardiac muscle.

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21
Q

What are enzymes

A

Enzymes are biological catalysts used to speed up reactions such as digestion without being used up or changed

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22
Q

What does each enzyme have

A

an active site with a unique shape that fits onto the substance involved in a reaction

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23
Q

What hypothesis shows how enzymes work

A

Lock and key hypothesis

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24
Q

Enzymes need the right ____ and ____ to work at their optimum level

A

Temp PH

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25
what can too much temp or ph do to an enzyme
Denature it
26
what does denatured mean
the active site of an enzyme has permanently changed and is deemed useless
27
Digestive enzymes break down ____ molecules into ____ molecules to be able to be absorbed by villi
Big Small
28
What do amylase break down and where are they made
Starch into sugars Made in Salivary glands, pancreas, small intestine
29
What do protease break down and where are they made
Proteins into amino acids Made in stomach, pancreas, small intestine
30
What do lipase break down and where are they made
Lipids into glycerol and fatty acids Made in the pancreas, small intestine
31
Role of the salivary glands
produce amylase enzyme in the saliva to start digestion
32
Role of stomach
Pummels food with muscular walls produces protease and Hydrochloric acid to give protease right ph and kill bacteria
33
Role of pancreas
Produces all digestive enzymes and releases into the small intestine
34
Role of the small intestine
Produces all digestive enzymes to finish digestion Digested food is absorbed into the bloodstream using villi
35
Role of gall bladder
bile is stored before its released into small intestine
36
What is bile used for?
Emulsify fats and neutralize HCL
37
Role of large intestine
Excess water is absorbed from food
38
Role of liver
Bile is produced before its stored in the gall bladder and then released into the small intestine
39
role of rectum
Faeces are stored before being released through the anus
40
Where are the lungs
Thorax
41
What are lungs protected by
Ribcage
42
Where does the air you breath in go?
through the trachea and splits into two tubes called brochi
43
What do the bronchi split into
smaller tubes called bronchioles
44
lungs contain millions of air sacs called _____
Alveoli
45
Blood next to the alveolus is rich in _____ and low in ____ therefore oxygen diffuses out of the alveolus into the blood and co2 diffuses into the alveolus
Co2 o2
46
name the Pathway of blood
Deox blood enters the heart through the vena cava into the right atrium and moves through a valve into the right ventricle. Then moves through a valve out of the pulmonary artery. Goes to the lungs to become oxygenated Oxy blood comes in through the pulmonary vein into the left atrium then through a valve into the left ventricle and through another valve and out the aorta to the rest of the body
47
What is the hearts own blood supply called?
Coronary arteries are branched off from the aorta and wrap the heart the give it oxygen
48
What are the three blood vessels
Veins, arteries and capillaries
49
Where do arteries carry blood
Away from the body
50
Where do veins carry blood
To the heart
51
What is your resting heart rate controlled by
Pacemaker cells in right atrium
52
How do pacemaker cells work
they send electric impulses to instruct heart muscles to contract
53
When is an artificial pacemaker used
if a patients heartbeat is irregular
54
True or false Arteries hold blood at a high pressure
True
55
Properties of arteries
Thick walls of muscle to make them strong and elastic fibres to allow them to stretch and spring back
56
Where are capillaries branched from
arteries
57
Properties of capillaries
Carry blood really close to each cell so substances can diffuse in and out One cell thick which allows diffusion to become easier permeable walls so substance may be able to diffuse through
58
What join up to form arteries
Capillaries
59
True or false blood is at a high pressure in the veins therefore veins have thick walls
False blood is at a low pressure in the veins therefore they have thin walls
60
is lumen big or small in veins and why?
Big as it helps blood flow despite lower pressure
61
Why do veins have valves
To prevent the backflow of blood
62
What are the 4 Components of blood
Plasma, platelets, red blood cells, white blood cells
63
What do red blood cells do
carry oxygenated blood using haemoglobin
64
What does plasma do
Liquid in the blood which carries just about everything
65
What do platelets do
Help blood to clot at a wound to stop losing blood and prevent microorganisms from entering
66
What do white blood cells do
Defend the body against bacteria or infection
67
What is coronary heart disease
When coronary arteries get blocked by layers of fatty material building up. so blood flow is restricted to the heart and there is a lack of oxygen. can lead to a heart attck
68
What can people get with coronary heart disease?
stents in their arteries to keep it open and allow blood to flow through
69
Too much of ___ can cause fatty deposits
LDL (bad cholesterol)
70
What are statins
Are drugs that can reduce the amount of LDL (bad cholesterol) in the blood stream
71
Advantages of statins
Reducing LDL can reduce risk of strokes, coronary heart disease, and heart attacks Can increase HDL (good cholesterol). This can remove LDL May prevent other diseases
72
Disadvantages of statins
takes time side effects include : headaches, kidney failure, liver damage and memory loss Must be taken regularly there is a risk someone may forget
73

GCSE AQA Biology Paper 1 (3 decks)

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