Topic 1: Cell Biology

Question 1

What is the basic unit of life?

Answer 1

The cell.

Question 2

True or False: All living organisms are made up of cells.

Answer 2

True.

Question 3

What is the function of the cell membrane?

Answer 3

To control the movement of substances in and out of the cell.

Question 4

Fill in the blank: The jelly-like substance inside a cell is called ______.

Answer 4

cytoplasm.

Question 5

What organelle is responsible for energy production in the cell?

Answer 5

Mitochondria.

Question 6

What structure contains the genetic material in a cell?

Answer 6

Nucleus.

Question 7

Multiple choice: Which of the following is NOT a part of a plant cell? A) Chloroplasts B) Cell wall C) Mitochondria D) Vacuole

Answer 7

C) Mitochondria

Question 8

True or False: Prokaryotic cells have a nucleus.

Answer 8

False.

Question 9

What is the function of ribosomes?

Answer 9

To synthesize proteins.

Question 10

Fill in the blank: The ______ is the rigid outer layer of a plant cell.

Answer 10

cell wall.

Question 11

True or False: Chloroplasts are found in animal cells.

Answer 11

False.

Question 12

What is the role of chloroplasts

Answer 12

Allows a plant to photosynthesise as it contains a green pigment called chlorophyll.

Question 13

Fill in the blank: The semi-permeable membrane surrounding the cell is called the ______.

Answer 13

Cell membrane.

Question 14

What type of cells lack a nucleus?

Answer 14

Prokaryotic cells.

Question 15

True or False: Plant cells have larger vacuoles than animal cells.

Answer 15

True.

Question 16

What is the main function of the vacuole in plant cells?

Answer 16

To store nutrients and waste products.

Question 17

Fill in the blank: The genetic material in a cell is composed of ______.

Answer 17

DNA.

Question 18

What is the function of the cell wall in plant cells?

Answer 18

To provide structure and support.

Question 19

Multiple choice: Which organelle is known as the ‘powerhouse of the cell’? A) Nucleus B) Mitochondria C) Ribosomes

Answer 19

B) Mitochondria.

Question 20

True or False: All cells have a cell membrane.

Answer 20

True.

Question 21

Fill in the blank: The process by which cells divide is called ______.

Answer 21

mitosis.

Question 22

What is the primary function of the cell membrane?

Answer 22

To protect the cell and regulate what enters and exits.

Question 23

True or False: Cells can only be observed under a microscope.

Answer 23

True.

Question 24

Fill in the blank: The process of converting glucose into energy in the mitochondria is called ______.

Answer 24

cellular respiration.

Question 25

What type of transport requires energy to move substances across the cell membrane?

Answer 25

Active transport.

Question 26

What is the first stage of cell division

Answer 26

The cell grows then each single strand of DNA that makes up each chromosome produces an exact copy of itself

Question 27

What is the second stage of mitosis?

Answer 27

One set of chromosomes are pulled to each end of the cell and the cytoplasm and cell membrane divide

Question 28

What is the third stage of mitosis

Answer 28

Two daughter cells are produced and are identical to each other

Question 29

What is the function of a sperm cell

Answer 29

Reproduction

Question 30

What is cell differentiation.

Answer 30

the process of a cell changing to become specialise for its job

Question 31

What is osmosis

Answer 31

Osmosis is the diffusion of water molecules, from a region where the water molecules are in higher concentration, to a region where they are in lower concentration, through a partially permeable membrane. it is passive

Question 32

What is diffusion

Answer 32

Diffusion is the movement of particles from a high concentration gradient to a low concentration gradient. it is passive

Question 33

How is a sperm cell specialised?

Answer 33

- long tail and streamlined head to swim to the egg. -Contains lots of mitochondria to provide energy needed -Carries enzymes in the head to digest through the egg cell membrane

Question 34

Function of the nerve cell

Answer 34

used to carry electrical signals to one part of the body to another

Question 35

How is a nerve cell specialised?

Answer 35

-Long to cover more distances -Branched connections at their ends to connect to other nerve cells and form a network throughout the body

Question 36

Function of a muscle cell

Answer 36

Contract quickly

Question 37

How is a muscle cell specialised

Answer 37

-Long so they have lots of space to contact -Contain lots of mitochondria to generate the energy needed to contract quickly

Question 38

Function of a root hair cell

Answer 38

Absorb water and mineral ions from the soil

Question 39

How is a root hair cell specialised

Answer 39

They re cells on the surface of plant roots that stick out into the soil and give a big surface area

Question 40

Function of a phloem and xylem cell

Answer 40

Form tubes that transport substances such as food and water around a plant

Question 41

How are phloem and xylem cells specialised

Answer 41

-Xylem cells are hollow and phloem cells have very few subcellular substances so that stuff can flow through them

Question 42

What do chromosomes contain

Answer 42

Genetic information

Question 43

How many chromosomes does a cell usually contain

Answer 43

23 pairs of chromosome 46 in total

Question 44

A nucleus contains genetic information in the form of _______

Answer 44

Chromosomes

Question 45

What can embryonic stem cells differentiate into

Answer 45

any type of stem cell depending on what instructions they are given

Question 46

Where are embryonic stem cells found in

Answer 46

Early human embryos

Question 47

stem cells may also be found in ____

Answer 47

Adults but only in certain places such as bone marrow and can only differentiate into certain types of cells such as blood cells

Question 48

What can embryonic stem cells be used to treat

Answer 48

Paralysis by making nerve cells Diabetes by making insulin producing cells

Question 49

Why are some people against the use of stem cells

Answer 49

they feel human embryos shouldn't be used for experiments

Question 50

Where are stem cells found in plants

Answer 50

Meristems

Question 51

what can stem cells in the meristem differentiate into

Answer 51

any type of plant cell

Question 52

How are exchange surfaces adapted to maximise effectiveness

Answer 52

-thin membrane so substances have a short distance to diffuse -Large surface area so lots of substances can diffuse at once -In animals there is a lot of blood vessels to get substances in and out of the blood quickly

Question 53

What are the little air sacs in the lungs called

Answer 53

Alveoli

Question 54

How are alveoli specialise to maximise diffusion

Answer 54

-enormous surface area -moist lining for dissolving gases -Very thin walls -Good blood supply

Question 55

How are villi in small intestine specialised to maximise diffusion

Answer 55

-Increased surface area due to lots of microvilli -very good blood supply -single layer of surface cells

Question 56

how are leaves specialise to maximise diffusion

Answer 56

-thin shape give a large surface area -thin shape also give a short diffusion path