Topic 2 - Organisation

Question 1

Order of organisation

Answer 1

• cells (muscular, glandular, epithelial)
• tissues (muscular, glandular, epithelial)
• organs (glands, stomach, liver, small intestine, large intestine)
• organ system (digestive system)

Question 2

Enzyme

Answer 2

A biological enzyme that speeds up chemical reactions without being changed or used up

Question 3

Active site

Answer 3

Area on enzyme where reactions take place

Question 4

Substrate

Answer 4

Substance(s) that fit into the active site to react and form (a) product(s)

Question 5

Amylase

Answer 5

Enzyme that breaks down starches into sugars

Question 6

Protease

Answer 6

Enzyme that breaks down proteins into amino acids

Question 7

Lipase

Answer 7

Enzymes that break down lipids into glycerol and fatty acids

Question 8

Function of salivary glands

Answer 8

Produce amylase enzyme in saliva

Question 9

Function of stomach

Answer 9

• pummels food with muscular walls
• produces protease enzyme, pepsin
• hydrochloride acid production to kill bacteria and to maintain pH 2 for pepsin

Question 10

Function of liver

Answer 10

Produces bile to neutralise stomach acid and emulsify fats

Question 11

Gall bladder function

Answer 11

Stores bile before releasing it into the small intestine

Question 12

Pancreas function

Answer 12

Produces protease, amylase and lipase to go into the small intestine

Question 13

Small intestine function

Answer 13

• produces protease, amylase and lipase to complete digestion
• where digested food is absorbed into blood

Question 14

Large intestine

Answer 14

Where excess water is absorbed to form faeces

Question 15

Rectum

Answer 15

Where faeces is stored

Question 16

Anus

Answer 16

Where faeces leaves the body

Question 17

Describe inhaling and exhaling

Answer 17

• air down trachea
• down bronchus
• down bronchiole
• into alveoli and all the way back out
• intercostal muscles (between ribs) and diaphragm contract and relax to push air in and out

Question 18

Explain alveoli

Answer 18

• one cell thick for easy diffusion
• high surface area
• capillaries connecting directly to veins and arteries which go directly onto heart

Question 19

Blood vessels in heart

Answer 19

• vena cava (deoxygenated blood from body to right atrium)
• pulmonary artery (deoxygenated blood from right ventricle to lungs)
• pulmonary vein (oxygenated blood from lungs to left atrium)
• aorta (oxygenated blood from left ventricle to body)
• left ventricle has more muscle and is larger than right atrium to pump blood further

Question 20

Arteries

Answer 20

• blood at high pressure
• thick walls
• muscle and elastic fibres make them strong and allow them to stretch and spring back

Question 21

Capillaries

Answer 21

• one cell thick
• permeable
• food and oxygen to cells
• waste away from cells
• from arteries to veins

Question 22

Veins

Answer 22

• lower pressure
• less thick
• bigger lumen (hole)
• valves to prevent back flow