Topic 1 - Cell Biology Flashcards
1
Q
What are all living things made out of?
A
Cells
2
Q
Cells can either be…
A
Prokaryotic or Eukaryotic
3
Q
What are Eukaryotes?
A
Organisms made of of eukaryotic cells
4
Q
What are prokaryotes?
A
A prokaryotic cell / a single-celled organism
5
Q
Subcellular structure of animal cells
A
- nucleus
- cytoplasm
- cell membrane
- mitochondria
- ribosomes
6
Q
Subcellular structures of plant cells
A
- nucleus
- cytoplasm
- cell membrane
- mitochondria
- ribosomes
- cell wall
- (permanent) vacuole
- chloroplasts
7
Q
Subcellular structures in prokaryotic cells
A
- cytoplasm
- cell membrane
- cell wall
- free floating strand of DNA
- plasmids (DNA rings)
8
Q
Magnification equation
A
Magnification = image size / real size
9
Q
Differentiation
A
Process by which a cell changes to become specialised
10
Q
Examples of specialised cells
A
- sperm cell
- nerve cell
- muscle cell
- root hair cell
- xylem and phloem cells
11
Q
Describe the cell cycle
A
- duplicate DNA
- duplicate subcellular structures
- chromosomes to opposite sides of cell
- membranes around each set of DNA to form nuclei
- cytoplasm and cell membrane split
12
Q
Pros of stem cell research
A
- embryonic cells can differentiate into any cell
- embryo can be made to have the same genetic material through therapeutic cloning to the patient’s body does not reject the treatment
- embryos used in research are from fertility clinics and are unwanted and would be destroyed otherwise
13
Q
Cons of stem cell research
A
-stem cells grown in labs can become contaminated with a communicable disease, which could pass on to the patient
14
Q
Views around stem cell research
A
- some people are against stem cell research as each embryo is a potential human life
- others believe that curing patients is more important that embryo rights
- some people
15
Q
Stem cells in plants
A
- found in meristems (where growth occurs)
- into any type of plant cell
- can make clones quickly and cheaply
- can help extinction of rare species
- can grow crops with identical features (like disease resistance)
