Topic 2 : Muscular System

Question 1

What does the term ‘voluntary’ muscle mean?

Answer 1

A muscle that works on demand.

Question 2

Can you name the 11 voluntary muscles in your body?

Answer 2

Deltoid, trapezius, latissimus dorsi, pectorals, biceps, triceps, abdominals, quadriceps, hamstrings, gluteals and gastrocnemius.

Question 3

Can you describe the term ‘antagonistic pairs’?

Answer 3

Muscles work as pairs, while one muscle contracts the other relaxes.

Question 4

Is the agonist (prime mover) the relaxing or the contracting muscle?

Answer 4

Contracting muscle

Question 5

Is the antagonist the relaxing or the contracting muscle?

Answer 5

Relaxing muscle

Question 6

Can you name the 2 antagonistic pairs?

Answer 6

Bicep and Tricep & Hamstring and Quadricep

Question 7

Which muscle contracts to allow flexion of the arm at the elbow?

Answer 7

Bicep

Question 8

What movement occurs at the elbow when the tricep contracts?

Answer 8

Extension

Question 9

Which muscle contracts to allow flexion of the leg at the knee?

Answer 9

Hamstring

Question 10

Which muscle contracts to allow extension of the leg at the hip?

Answer 10

Gluteals

Question 11

What movement occurs at the ankle when the gastrocnemius contracts?

Answer 11

Plantar flexion of the ankle

Question 12

Which muscle contracts to allow abduction of the upper arm at the shoulder?

Answer 12

Deltoids

Question 13

Which muscle contracts to allow rotation of the scapula towards the spine?

Answer 13

Trapezius

Question 14

What movement occurs at the shoulder when the latissimus dorsi contracts?

Answer 14

Adduction

Question 15

Other than the latissimus dorsi which muscle contracts to allow adduction at the shoulder?

Answer 15

Pectorals

Question 16

Which muscle contracts to allow flexion of the trunk?

Answer 16

Abdominals

Question 17

What are the 2 different types of muscle contraction?

Answer 17

Isotonic and Isometric Contraction

Question 18

What is an isotonic contraction?

Answer 18

A contraction of a muscle that results in movement

Question 19

What is an isometric contraction?

Answer 19

A contraction of a muscle which increases tension but the length stays the same

Question 20

What are the 3 short term effects of exercise on the muscular system?

Answer 20

1. Increase in muscle temperature,
2. Muscle fatigue
3. Increase in Lactic acid production

Question 21

What are the 4 long term effects of exercise on the muscular system?

Answer 21

1. Increased strength of muscles
2. Increased size of muscles (hypertrophy)
3. Increased myoglobin stores
4. The tendons and ligament become stronger

Question 22

How do the long term effects of exercise on the muscular system benefit the body when taking part in physical activity?

Answer 22

1. You are more able to perform activities requiring strength, power and muscular endurance
2. Improves immediate oxygen supply to the muscles
3. Better support of joints

Question 23

Why is it important that the muscular system has time to rest?

Answer 23

To allow muscles to repair and grow after exercise

Question 24

What is it important to eat as part of your balanced diet to aid the muscular system?

Answer 24

Protein

Question 25

What performance enhancing drug builds and develops the strength of muscles?

Answer 25

Anabolic Steroids

Question 26

What is the name of the injury that is common to the muscular system?

Answer 26

Strain

Question 27

How should you treat a muscle strain?

Answer 27

RICE (Rest, Ice, Compression and. Elevation)

Question 28

What does muscle 'atrophy' mean?

Answer 28

Loss of muscle mass and strength, this is often by stopping training

Question 29

What are all the bones on the front of the body?

Answer 29

``` Deltoids biceps Quadriceps Pectoralis major External obliques Tibialis anterior Hip flexors ```

Question 30

What are all the bones in the back side of the body?

Answer 30

``` Gluteals Hamstrings Gastrocnemius Latissimus Dorsi Triceps ```

Question 31

What do fast twitch fibres do?

Answer 31

Works fast but tire quickly

Question 32

What do slow twitch fibres do?

Answer 32

Work slow but tire slowly

Question 33

Antagonistic pairs

Answer 33

``` Biceps & Triceps Hamstrings & Quadriceps Gluteus maximus & Hip flexors Gastrocnemius & Tibialis anterior Pectoralis major & Latissimus dorsi ```

Question 34

Synergists

Answer 34

These muscles perform, or assist in performing, the same set of joint motion as the agonists. Synergists are sometimes referred to as neutralizers because they help cancel out, or neutralize, extra motion from the agonists to make sure that the force generated works within the desired plane of motion.

Question 35

Deltoid (Function and Sporting Example)

Answer 35

Function: Abduction of the shoulder (moving the arm outwards and away from the body) Sporting Example: Outward arm action in a jumping jack

Question 36

Pectoralis major (Function and Sporting Example)

Answer 36

Function: Adduction of the shoulder (moving the arm towards the body); Shoulder horizontal flexion (moving the arms forwards in front of the body) Sporting Example: Upwards phase of a press up

Question 37

Triceps (Function and Sporting Example)

Answer 37

Function: Extend the elbow (straightening the arm) Sporting Example: Shooting in netball

Question 38

Biceps (Function and Sporting Example)

Answer 38

Function: Flex the elbow (bending the arm) Sporting Example: Drawing a bow in archery

Question 39

External obliques (Function and Sporting Example)

Answer 39

Function: Trunk rotation (turning the body sideways) Sports Example: Turning the body to breathe to the side when performing front crawl in swimming

Question 40

Latissimus dorsi (Function and Sporting Example)

Answer 40

Function: Shoulder adduction (moving the arm towards the body); Shoulder horizontal extension Sporting Example: Butterfly stroke in swimming

Question 41

Hip flexors (Function and Sporting Example)

Answer 41

Function: Hip flexion (moving knee up towards the chest) Sporting Example: Performing a rugby conversion kick

Question 42

Gluteus maximus (Function and Sporting Example)

Answer 42

Function: Hip extension (moving the leg backwards) Sporting Example: Pulling back leg before kicking a ball

Question 43

Quadriceps (Function and Sporting Example)

Answer 43

Function: Extend the knee (straightening the leg) Sporting Example: Kicking a ball

Question 44

Hamstrings (Function and Sporting Example)

Answer 44

Function: Flex the knee (bending the leg) Sporting Example: Performing a hamstring curl on a weights machine

Question 45

Gastrocnemius (Function and Sporting Example)

Answer 45

Function: Plantar flexion of the ankle (pointing the toes downwards) Sporting Example: Standing on tiptoe to mark a goal shoot in netball

Question 46

Tibialis anterior (Function and Sporting Example)

Answer 46

Function: Dorsiflexion of the ankle (bringing the toes up towards the shin) Sporting Example: Foot making contact with a football

Question 47

What are the agonist and antagonist muscles in shoulder flexion, movement produced with sporting example?

Answer 47

Agonist is deltoid, antagonist is the latissimus dorsi. Adduction; abduction Golf swing; breaststroke arms

Question 48

What are the agonist and antagonist muscles in knee flexion, movement produced with sporting example?

Answer 48

Agonist: Hamstrings; Antagonist: Quadriceps Flexion; extension Jumping to block in volleyball; tuck jump in trampolining

Question 49

What are the agonist and antagonist muscles in elbow flexion, movement produced with sporting example?

Answer 49

Agonist: Biceps; Antagonist: triceps Flexion; extension Chest pass in netball; badminton smash

Question 50

What are the agonist and antagonist muscles in hip flexion, movement produced with sporting example?

Answer 50

Agonist: Gluteus medius; Antagonist: Gluteus maximus, Gluteus medius Flexion; extension Football kick

Question 51

Characteristics of muscle fibre (Type I, Type IIA, Type IIB) Speed of contraction

Answer 51

Type I: Slow Type IIA: Fast Type IIB: Very Fast

Question 52

Characteristics of muscle fibre (Type I, Type IIA, Type IIB) Force produced

Answer 52

Type I: Low Type IIA: Medium Type IIB: High

Question 53

Characteristics of muscle fibre (Type I, Type IIA, Type IIB) Resistance to fatigue

Answer 53

Type I: High Type IIA: Medium Type IIB: Low

Question 54

Characteristics of muscle fibre (Type I, Type IIA, Type IIB) Colour

Answer 54

Type I: Red Type IIA: Pink Type IIB: White