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Physics GCSE > Topic 2 - Motion And Forces > Flashcards

Topic 2 - Motion And Forces Flashcards

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1
Q

balanced force

A

when the result of all the forces on an object is zero

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2
Q

unbalanced force

A

non-zero resultant force on an object

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3
Q

Newton’s first law

A

an object at rest stays at rest and an object in motion stays in motion with the same speed, and in the same direction unless acted upon by an unbalanced force

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4
Q

when drawing a force how do you show the size of that force

A

length of the arrow

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5
Q

resultant force

A

the overall force acting on an object

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6
Q

how do you work out the resultant force if the forces are acting in the same direction

A

add them

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7
Q

how do you work out the resultant force if the forces are acting in opposite direction

A

subtract one from the other

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8
Q

centripetal force

A

the name given to these types of unbalanced force that causes circular motion
—> centripetal forces always act to pull an object into the middle of the circle

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9
Q

mass (kg)

A

the amount of a matter there is in an object

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10
Q

weight (N)

A

the force pulling on an object downwards

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11
Q

what’s the earths gravitational field strength

A

9.8N/kg (10N/kg)

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12
Q

weight equation

A

weight (N) = mass (kg) x gravitational field strength (N/kg)

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13
Q

what forces act upon a falling object

A

weight/gravitational potentional energy ⬇️
air resistance/drag⬆️

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14
Q

Newton’s second law of motion

A

non-zero resultant forces acts on an object, then it will cause the inject to accelerate
- the acceleration in the direction of a resultant force depends on: the size of the force, the mass of the object

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15
Q

circular motion

A

is a movement of an object along the circumference of a circle or rotation along a circular arc

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16
Q

why is an object that moved in a circular motion always accelerating

A

because although the speed remains constant, it’s always changing its direction as it moves round an object so therefore is always accelerating
(the centripetal force is always perpendicular to the direction the object is moving in circular motion)

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17
Q

equation to work out the force needed to accelerate a particular object

A

force (N) = mass (kg) x acceleration (m/s2)

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18
Q

Newton’s third law

A

for every action (force) has is an equal and opposite reaction

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19
Q

equilibrium

A

if the size and direction of the forces acting on an object are exactly balanced, then there is no net force acting on the object and the object is said to be in equilibrium

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20
Q

what type of object does balanced forces act upon

A

the same

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21
Q

what type of object does an action-reaction force act upon

A

different objects

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22
Q

force

A

a push or pull that acts on an object due to the interaction with another object
-> forces are vector quantities because they have both magnitude and direction

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23
Q

what two things affect someone’s weight

A

mass and how strong the gravity is

24
Q

terminal velocity

A

the maximum speed at which an object will fall

25
Q

what happens to the forces in a collision

A

when two objects collide, they both exert a force on the opposite object; these forces are the same size but necessarily do not have the same effects on the two objects because they have different masses

26
Q

momentum

A

a measure of how much motion an object has

27
Q

momentum word equation

A

momentum (kg m/s) = mass (kg) x velocity (m/s)

28
Q

momentum symbol equation

A

p = m x v

29
Q

equation needed to work out the force used for momentum

A

force = change in momentum or mv - ma
time t

30
Q

if you have more mass what does that mean for your momentum

A

objects with more mass have more momentum

31
Q

conservation of momentum

A

when moving objects collide, the total momentum of both objects is the same before the collision, as is after the collision, as long as there is no external forces acting

32
Q

thinking distance

A

the time for the driver to react to the problem while the vehicle travel some distance

33
Q

breaking distance

A

the car will then travel a little bit more while the brakes are working to bring it to a halt

34
Q

stopping distance

A

the overall sum (+) of the thinking and braking distances

35
Q

reaction time

A

time person detecting a stimulus (e.g. flashing lights or a sound) and their response (e.g. pressing a button or applying brakes)

36
Q

what can affect your reaction time

A

if the person is tired, ill answer has been taking drugs or drinking alcohol

37
Q

what can distract you from a quick reaction time

A

your phone

38
Q

what can increase the braking distance

A

if the roads are or has loose gravel, tyres are worn, brakes are worn

39
Q

how does a car break

A

the brakes use friction to slow the car down

40
Q

what does it mean for breaking distance increases

A

it means there’s less friction being created so the braking distance is increased

41
Q

work done

A

work is done when when energy is transferred from one store to another over a distance
-> the amount of energy transferred depends on the size of the force and how far the object moves while the force is pushing it

42
Q

work done word equation

A

work done (J) = force x distance moved in the direction of the force (m)

43
Q

kinetic energy

A

the energy stored in a moving object
-> the amount of kinetic energy depends on the mass object and its velocity

44
Q

kinetic energy word equation

A

kinetic energy (J) = 1/2 x mass (kg) x (speed) squared ((m/s)squared)

45
Q

what happens to the kinetic energy when a vehicle stops

A

the kinetic energy is transferred to other energy stores by the braking force

46
Q

crumple zone

A

the zone at the front of the car which absorbs impact energy during a collision so that the deceleration and force is less (less of an impact)

47
Q

inertial mass

A

a measure of an object’s resistance to acceleration when a force is applied; it is determined by applying a force to an object and measuring the acceleration that results from that force.

48
Q

inertial mass equation

A

force / acceleration

49
Q

what’s the difference between inertial mass and gravitational mass

A

Inertial mass is measured by measuring an object’s resistance to changes in velocity; while gravitational mass describes the force on an object in a gravitational field.

50
Q

what is the practical in investigating acceleration

A
  • using trolleys to investigate the effects of mass and force having acceleration
  • the force will be provided by mass hang on a string
51
Q

what are action-reaction forces

A
  • They a pair of forces acting on the two interactive objects
  • two forces are always the same size and an opposite directions but always the same type of force (e.g. pulling forces, gravitational forces etc.)
52
Q

equilibrium in physics

A

The state of balance between opposing forces of actual static (as in a body acted on by forces whose resultant is zero)

53
Q

what’s the difference between action reaction forces and balance forces?

A
  • Action reaction forces act on different objects
  • Balanced forces all act on the same object
54
Q

unit for momentum

A

kg m/s

55
Q

air resistance

A

a frictional force that opposes the motion of objects moving quickly through the air; the force due to air resistance increases as the speed of a falling object increases.

56
Q

inertia

A

measure of how difficult it is to change the object’s motion

57
Q

Write the process to investigate acceleration (CORE PRACTICAL)

A
  • Put ramp on a slight slope so trolley starts to move a constant velocity on its own
  • keep the mask constant having all mass on the trolley and they’re moving one at a time onto the hanger attached to a string to the trolley
  • Use light gates to measure the velocity of the car at the start the end of its journey
  • Use the equation: a = V squared - U squared / 2 x distance
  • Repeat and calculate the average

Physics GCSE (9 decks)

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