Topic 2:Mitosis Flashcards
What is a cell cycle
A sequence of growth and division that occurs in cells.
It includes interphase and mitosis, leading to the production of two daughter cells, which are identical to its parent.
What does diploid mean?
46 chromosome (23 pairs) in a nucleus
What does haploid mean and where is it found?
23 chromosomes and is found in gametes (sex cells)
What happens during interphase?
- DNA replication
- Organelles are replicated
- Increase in ATP content of a cell
- Longest process in the cell cycle
What happens in mitosis?
Cell splits into two daughter cells - identical to its parent
What are the parts in mitosis?
- Prophase
- Metaphase
- Anaphase
- Telophase
- Cytokinesis
What happens in prophase?
- Chromosomes condense and become visible
- Nuclear membrane disappears
- Centrioles move apart
- Spindle fibres form
What happens in metaphase?
-Chromosomes line up on the spindle fibres across the middle of the cell
What happens in anaphase?
- Spindle fibres contract
- Chromatids are pulled to opposite poles of the cell
What happens in telophase?
-A membrane if formed around each set of chromosomes to form a nuclei
What happens in cytokinesis?
- A cell surface membrane forms around the nuclei to separate the two cells
- In plants a cell wall is formed rather than the cell surface membrane
What is the significance of mitosis?
- produce genetically identical cells
- used in asexual reproduction
- required for growth of multicellular organism
- needed to repair damaged tissue
What does asexual reproduction produce?
-clones - they have the same chromosomes as the parent
Compare asexual reproduction with sexual reproduction
- Asexual reproduction is faster and it requires one parent
- Sexual reproduction produces variation
What does it mean by cancer cells?
-undergo uncontrollable cell division
