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Chemistry C2 Higher > Topic 2 - Ionic Compounds And Analysis > Flashcards

Topic 2 - Ionic Compounds And Analysis Flashcards

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1
Q

What two things make up ionic bonding from the periodic table?

A

A metal and a non-metal

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2
Q

How many electrons in group one does an element giveaway in ionic bonding?

A

They give 1 electron away making them positively charged

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3
Q

If an element is in group 6 how many electrons does it gain in ionic bonding?

A

2 electrons making it negatively charged

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4
Q

Why don’t elements in group 8 react with anything?

A

Because they have full outer shells

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5
Q

If an element from group 7 and group 2 were to ionic bond how many of each element would you need and why?

A

2 X Group 7 elements
1 X Group 2 element

This is because a group 2 element gives away 2 electrons and a group 7 element only gains 1 electron, so you would need TWO group 7 elements to ONE group 2 element (2:1)

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6
Q

What type of structure do ionic compounds have?

A

A giant lattice structure made up of positive and negative ions.

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7
Q

Why in a giant lattice structure are the ions so closely packed together?

A

Due to the very strong electrostatic forces of attraction between oppositely charged ions

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8
Q

What is ionic bonding?

A

Ionic bonding occurs between positive and negative irons which attract each other and bind together to form ionic compounds

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9
Q

Why do ionic compounds have high melting and boiling points?

A

Due to the very strong bonds between ions. It takes a lot of energy to break these bonds

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10
Q

Why do ionic compounds conduct electricity when aqueous or molten?

A

That ions separate and are free to move so they can carry the electric current

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11
Q

What is the rule for a compound named ‘something-IDE’ ?

A

Went to different elements combine the name is ‘something–IDE’

Eg: sodium + chlorine
= sodium chlorIDE

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12
Q

What is the rule for a compound named ‘something–ATE’ ?

A

When three or more different elements combine and one is oxygen the name is ‘something–ATE’

Eg: copper + sulphur + oxygen
= copper sulphATE

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13
Q

Are nitrates soluble or insoluble?

A

Soluble

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14
Q

Are common salts of sodium, potassium and ammonium soluble or insoluble?

A

Soluble

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15
Q

Are common chlorides soluble or insoluble?

A

Soluble

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16
Q

Which common chlorides are insoluble?

A

Silver chloride and lead chloride

17
Q

Are common sulphates soluble or insoluble?

A

Soluble

18
Q

Which common sulphates insoluble?

A

Lead, barium and calcium sulphate

19
Q

Are common carbonates and hydroxides insoluble soluble?

A

Insoluble

20
Q

Which carbonates and hydroxides are soluble?

A

Sodium, potassium and ammonium

21
Q

How do you make an insoluble salt?

A

By reacting 2 soluble salts together

22
Q

What is the method for making an insoluble salt?

A
  • Mix the two solutions of the soluble salts together
  • Filter out the precipitate of the insoluble salt
  • Wash it with distilled water to get rid of impurities
  • Dry it on filter paper
23
Q

Why is barium sulphate used for x-rays?

A

It is opaque to x-rays.
It shows any problems like blockages in the body.
It is the known is a barium meal when drunken before an X-ray

24
Q

Why is barium sulphate it safe to drink?

A

Because it is insoluble so it isn’t absorbed into the blood stream.

25
Q

During a flame test what gives a yellow/orange flame?

A

Sodium ions (Na+)

26
Q

During a flame test what is a lilac flame?

A

Potassium ions (k+)

27
Q

During a flame test what gives a brick red flame?

A

Calcium ions (Ca2+)

28
Q

During a flame test what gives a blue-green flame?

A

Copper ions (Cu2+)

29
Q

What is the test for carbonates?

A

•bubbling a gas through limewater, if it turns milky colour it has CO2

30
Q

What is the word equation for testing carbonates?

A

Acid + carbonate > salt + water + carbon dioxide

31
Q

How do you test for sulphate ions?

A
  • add dilute HCL with Barium chloride solution.

* If it white precipitate forms the original compound was a sulphate

32
Q

What is the test for chloride ions?

A
  • add dilute nitric acid with silver nitrate solution

* A chloride will give a white precipitate

33
Q

What is spectroscopy ?

A

A way of identifying elements in a sample

The patterns of light emitted by the elements in a heated sample analysed

34
Q

Why is spectroscopy good ?

A
  • fast and reliable for even small amounts of elements in a sample
  • helps discover new elements

Chemistry C2 Higher (6 decks)

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