Topic 2: Industrial Capitalism, Organized Labor, and Populism Flashcards
What were the primary factors contributing to urbanization in America during the Gilded Age?
Immigration and demographic shifts, technological advances, and industrial growth
Key technological advances included transportation, electricity, and steel construction methods.
Who were the notable industrial figures associated with specific industries during the Gilded Age?
Andrew Carnegie (Steel), Cornelius Vanderbilt (Railroads), John D. Rockefeller (Oil), J.P. Morgan (Finance)
These individuals played significant roles in the expansion and control of their respective industries.
What strategic tools did industrial magnates use to build and control their business empires?
Corporations, trusts, vertical monopolies, horizontal monopolies
These tools allowed for significant consolidation and control over markets.
What was a major social issue during the Gilded Age?
Wealth inequality
This period was characterized by a stark divide between the rich and the poor.
What ideologies were prevalent during the Gilded Age?
Social Darwinism, Gospel of Wealth
These ideologies justified the social and economic disparities of the time.
Name major unions and examples of industrial labor unrest during the Gilded Age.
RR Strike, Haymarket Affair, Pullman Strike, Homestead Strike
These events highlighted the struggles of workers for better conditions and rights.
What political organization was known for its influence in New York City during the Gilded Age?
Tammany Hall
It was associated with Boss Tweed and was involved in various political scandals.
What were some major political scandals of the Gilded Age?
Whiskey Ring, Gold Ring
These scandals involved corruption and bribery within the political system.
What was the purpose of the Pendleton Act?
To reform the civil service system and reduce patronage
It aimed to ensure government jobs were awarded based on merit.
What is populism?
A political movement that sought to represent the interests of ordinary people
It emerged in response to the economic struggles of farmers and workers.
What was the Silver Question?
Debate over the use of silver as currency
This issue was central to the economic discussions of the time, particularly among populists.
What was significant about the fusion of the Democrats and Populist Party?
It represented a coalition of agrarian and working-class interests
This merger aimed to challenge the political dominance of the Republicans.
What characterized the ‘New Immigration’ wave of the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries?
Increased immigration from Southern and Eastern Europe
This wave was marked by diverse ethnicities and cultures arriving in America.
What impact did immigration have on the concept of the Ethnic City during the Gilded Age?
It led to assimilation and exclusion practices
The Ethnic City reflected the diverse backgrounds of immigrants and their integration challenges.
What does nativism refer to?
A policy or belief favoring native inhabitants over immigrants
Nativism often resulted in discriminatory practices against immigrant groups.
What legislation restricted Chinese immigration?
Chinese Exclusion Act
This act was the first significant law restricting immigration based on nationality.
What was the Victorian concept of womanhood?
A set of ideals emphasizing domesticity, piety, and submission
This concept defined women’s roles in society during the Victorian era.
What were the early suffrage successes for women?
Women’s Suffrage in Wyoming (1869) and Colorado (1890)
These states were pioneers in granting women the right to vote.
Who was a notable leader in the Granger Movement?
Mary Lease
She was an influential figure advocating for farmers’ rights.
What was the role of the WCTU?
To advocate for social issues, particularly temperance
The Women’s Christian Temperance Union was a significant women’s movement.
What cultural developments occurred during the rise of the middle class?
Vaudeville, Luna Park, phonograph, movies
These developments reflected leisure activities enjoyed by the growing middle class.
What was the Third Great Awakening?
A religious revival movement in the late 19th and early 20th centuries
It emphasized social reform and activism.
What was the Social Gospel Movement?
A religious movement that sought to apply Christian ethics to social problems
It focused on issues like poverty, labor rights, and social justice.
What was the significance of the rise in Catholicism during the Gilded Age?
It coincided with increased immigration and establishment of parochial schools
Catholic communities grew as immigrants sought religious and cultural connections.
