Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

HEMA LEC 1 > TOPIC 2: HEMOGLOBIN METABOLISM AND OXYGEN DISSOCIATION CURVE > Flashcards

TOPIC 2: HEMOGLOBIN METABOLISM AND OXYGEN DISSOCIATION CURVE Flashcards

1
Q

Main cytoplasmic component of a mature RBC
● Conjugated CHON that gives red color to the RBC

A

HEMOGLOBIN

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

________mL of OXYGEN
_________ of IRON (Ferrous state)

A

○ 1.34 mL of OXYGEN
○ 3.47 mg of IRON (Ferrous state)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Hemoglobin carries oxygen from the ______ going to
the ________and from the tissues–it will take up
carbon dioxide, bringing it to the lungs for exhalation.

A

lungs- tissues

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

In the tissues, what should be present for hemoglobin to
unload oxygen?

A

2,3-BPG

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

The ____________is made up of amino acids
● The __________is a protein molecule; it is made up of
different amino acids

A

globin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

● The Heme group is bound to the ________ and _______ helicase.

A

E and F helicase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Hemoglobin Molecule Illustrating Tertiary Folding of the Four
Polypeptide Chains.
● _____ globin chains are seen.

A

4 globins are seen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

________ hemoglobin molecule = can bind to ____________ of
oxygen

A

1 hemoglobin
4 molecules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

➔ Conformity: __________

A

Helical

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

A1B2 and A2B1 bonds are located between the ________

A

dimers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

a1b1 bonds in the ________

A

front

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

a2b2 bonds in the _______

A

behind

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

● Globin chains ________ to form a cleft pocket for heme.

A

loop to form a cleft pocket

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What can you observe regarding the conformity of the globin
chain?

● It has a space in the ________
● The space in the _________of the globin chain is where
the heme group is located
● When globin _______, it forms a pocket

A

center -middle
coils

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Why do cleft pockets form? Why is it not flat?

● So that it will not lead to ___________
The pocket cleft is there for a reason– it is for iron
to help retain itin a ____________

A

oxidation
Ferrous state

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Each globin chain contains a _______ group.

A

heme

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

● The binding of oxygen to heme unit is ______________.

A

reversible

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

➔ The interaction of FERROUS iron to the oxygen is a ____________

A

Weak reaction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

➔ This is opposite for FERRIC iron, since ferric iron has a
__________ interaction with oxygen

A

VERY STRONG

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

TRUE OR FALSE?

Ferric iron does is readily release oxygen

A

FALSE because NOT readily release oxygen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

● In the _______, the hemoglobin carries oxygen
● Going to the ________, it release oxygen
● When it goes backs to the _______, it carries oxygen

A

lungs
tissues
lungs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Heme is also known as ________________

A

FERROPROTOPORPHYRIN IX

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

TRUE OR FALSE?

Globin, in an adult, the majority of globin chains in an
adult are ZETA AND GAMMA

A

FALSE - It should be ALPHA AND BETA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

➔ Renders blood RED
➔ Made up of PROTOPORPHYRIN IX and IRON
➔ 1 heme molecule = 1 oxygen molecule

A

Heme

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

➔ 4 globins in 1 hemoglobin molecule
➔ Differs in polypeptide chains
➔ Adult: a and B

A

Globin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Alpha and Zeta are product of chromosome ________ and ______ number of amino acids

A

Chromosome 16 and 141 amino acids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Beta, delta, gamma, epsilon are product of chromosome _______

A

Chromosome 11

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Epsilon and theta have ________ number of amino acid

A

Unknown

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What are the hemoglobin Present in Mesoblastic phase

A

Gower 1, Gower 2, Portland

30
Q

Hepatic phase have hemoglobin present of ______

A

hemoglobin F

31
Q

Birth (Phase) have hemoglobin present of ______ and ______

A

Hemoglobin F and A

32
Q

Adulthood have hemoglobin present of ________, _______, _______

A

hemoglobin A1, A2, F

33
Q

HEME SYNTHESIS is located in the _________ and _______

A

Mitochondria and cytoplasm

34
Q

Hemoglobin Present - (Example: Alpha + beta)

Embryonic
Gower 1 - __________
Gower 2 -___________
Portland - ___________

Hepatic Phase
Hemoglobin F - _________

Birth
Hemoglobin F - _________
Hemoglobin A - __________

Adulthood
Hemoglobin A1 - ___________
Hemoglobin A2 - __________
Hemoglobin F - ____________

A

Embryonic
1. alpha + epsilon
2. zeta + epsilon
3. zeta + gamma

Hepatic phase
1. alpha + gamma

Birth
1. alpha + gamma
2. Alpha + beta

Adulthood
1. Alpha + beta
2. alpha + delta
3. alpha + gamma

35
Q

In the mitochondria, there will be an interaction
between glycine and Succinyl CoA by way of
_______________

A

CONDENSATION

36
Q

______________, also known as pyridoxine, or pyridoxal phosphate

A

Vitamin B6

37
Q

Amino-leuvlinic acid will get out of the mitochondria
and go to the cytoplasm, when it goes to the
cytoplasm it will meet with ALA dehydratase and
ALA will be converted into ______________

A

PORPHOBILINOGEN

38
Q

Still in the cytoplasm, the porphobilinogen will be
acted upon by Porphobilinogen deaminase becoming
_____________________

A

HYDROXYMETHYLBILANE

39
Q

The condensation of succinyl CoA will form ____________

A

(Amino-levulinic acid)

40
Q

Hydroxymethylbilane will be acted upon by
uroporphyrinogen III synthase forming
________________

A

Uroporphyrinogen III

41
Q

Uroporphyrinogen III will be acted upon by
Uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase forming
______________

A

Coproporphyrinogen III

42
Q

The coproporphyrinogen III will go back to the
____________, it will be acted upon by
coproporphyrinogen oxidase

A

MITOCHONDRIA

43
Q

Inside the mitochondria, the coproporphyrinogen III
will become _________________

A

Protoporhyrinogen IX

44
Q

Protoporphyrinogen IX will be acted upon by
protoporphyrinogen oxidase into ______________

A

Protoporphyrin IX

45
Q

it needs Iron where the enzyme ___________will
incorporate it where it becomes a complete HEME
molecule

A

Ferrochelatase

46
Q

Heme, since it is inside of the mitochondria, will go
out to the cytoplasm – and the Heme will meet with
__________chains in the cytoplasm

A

GLOBIN

47
Q

4 Heme will combine with 4 Globin chains – they will
now form ______ hemoglobin molecule

A

1 hemoglobin molecule

48
Q

INCREASE OR DECREASE? - CHANGES IN HEMOGLOBIN

As we develop, the hemoglobin has changed – they
will become Hemoglobin F; as we continue to
develop- Hemoglobin F will _________ in level

A

decrease

49
Q

_______________ is the major hemoglobin
present in adulthood

A

Hemoglobin A

50
Q

Hemoglobin F is the one of the major hemoglobins produced–but in adulthood, Hgb F only
takes about __________

A

1-2%

51
Q

IMPORTANCE OF HEMOGLOBIN F DURING
INTRAUTERINE DEVELOPMENT

when we were babies, our source of oxygen was
from the ____________

HIGH OR LOW?
The presence of Hemoglobin F during that period of development is very important because it has a VERY ________ AFFINITY FOR OXYGEN

A

MOTHER
VERY HIGH AFFINITY FOR OXYGEN

52
Q

As we grow, there is decline in ______________

A

Hemoglobin F production

53
Q

In hemoglobin ________, we have our own supply of
oxygen and we are capable of breathing

A

hemoglobin F

54
Q

High Hemoglobin F levels in an adult will mean the
patient is ___________in the long run which may lead to
death, because of the Failure of Hemoglobin F to
release oxygen in the tissues

A

Hypoxic

55
Q

REFERENCE VALUES (Henry’s)
Male: _____________
Female: _______________

A

Male: ● 14-17.5 g/dL ● 140-175 g/L
Female: ● 12.3-15.3 g/dL ● 123-153 g/L

56
Q

____________ has the higher levels of Hgb because Females
menstruate, therefore it is normally lower

A

Male

57
Q

Males have increased production of ___________
which is a promotor for ___________

A

testosterone
erythropoiesis

58
Q

__________is an inhibitor for erythropoiesis

A

Estrogen

59
Q

OXYGEN DISSOCIATION CURVE

The shape of the curve is __________

A

SIGMOIDAL

60
Q

OXYGEN DISSOCIATION CURVE

the black, solid line is the NORMAL STATE OF
______________ and _________ without any
interrupting factors

A

OXYGEN AND HEMOGLOBIN

61
Q

Decrease or Increase

___________ in oxygen saturation means plenty of
oxygen is binding to hemoglobin

A

Increase or rise

62
Q

IN RELATION TO CARBOXYHEMOGLOBIN

________________ is bound to oxygen

What is the treatment? ➔ ______________

A

Carbon monoxide
Hyperbaric oxygen

63
Q

Shift to left or right?

↓ H+ ions (↑pH), ↓2,3-BPG

A

Shift to left

64
Q

Shift to left or right?

↓PCO2,↓ temp (+ Hb variants with ↑O2 affinity)

A

Shift to Left

65
Q

Shift to left or right?

↑H +ions, ↓pH, ↑2,3 BPG

A

Shift to right

66
Q

Shift to right?

↑PCO2 ↑ temp (+Hb variants with ↓ O2 affinity)

A

Shift to right

67
Q

FACTORS AFFECTING INCREASED 2,3-BPG
1.
2.

A

Shift to right

● Increased temperature
● Increased hydrogen
○ pH of blood will be acidic / ACIDOSIS

68
Q

FACTORS AFFECTING DECREASED 2,3-BPG

A

Shift to Left

● Addition of carbon monoxide
● Decreased temp
● Decreased PCO2

69
Q

It is important hemoglobin picks up _______

A

oxygen

70
Q

LOCATION:

Mesoblastic phase -_________
Hepatic phase -______________
Medullary Phase - _____________

A
  1. Yolk Sac
  2. Liver
  3. Bone marrow
71
Q
A

HEMA LEC 1 (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions