Topic 2 - functions of the education system Flashcards
Introduction
Functionalists see education as a means of socializing children into societal norms and values, contributing to social cohesion. Both functionalists and Marxists agree that education serves as social control, but functionalists view it positively, while Marxists argue it oppresses the working class. Functionalists see the education system as meritocratic, allowing the best to succeed, while Marxists view the examination system as favoring the middle class.
What are the functions of the education system in England and Wales?
The functions of the education system in England and Wales are debated by sociologists and political thinkers, but common themes include providing opportunities for children (with Marxists emphasizing equality), sorting children based on ability and providing appropriate educational opportunities (a functionalist priority), preparing children for adult life, particularly work (vocationalism), and helping children become active, healthy, and productive citizens.
Socalisaton + education?
Emile Durkheim viewed the education system as a key agent of secondary socialization, ensuring social stability and cohesion by helping individuals understand their roles in society. Functionalists argue it bridges the gap between family life and adult relationships, teaching children shared cultural values and social norms. However, Marxists criticize this as “brainwashing,” perpetuating inequality. The national curriculum outlines key cultural knowledge, and primary education focuses on teaching social interaction and formal skills.
Economic functions of education?
Children need skills for employment, known as vocationalism, to contribute to the workforce and economic development. Durkheim and functionalists argue that schools equip students with the necessary skills for the economy, while Parsons sees schools as sorting and allocating roles based on talent, promoting meritocracy. Marxists critique this, viewing the system as perpetuating class inequalities. Education focuses on teaching both factual knowledge and transferable skills, preparing children for work and careers.
Social control?
Education is a means of social control, teaching children to follow rules and behave as required. Marxist Althusser views schools as part of the ideological state apparatus, teaching children the ideas of the ruling class and preparing them to obey authority, like future employers. Durkheim supported strict discipline in schools, believing that offenders affect the entire social group, and strict punishment helps students learn to act in society’s best interest.
