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Biology > Topic 2 - Food and Diet > Flashcards

Topic 2 - Food and Diet Flashcards

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1
Q

We need to eat food for lots of different reasons:

A

Energy. To grow and repair and to keep the body working correctly.

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2
Q

What is a ‘balanced diet’?

A

A balanced diet gives us the right amounts of the necessary nutrients to maintain good health and organ functions

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3
Q

Carbohydrates (Type of Foods)

A

Potato, cereal, pasta and rice

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4
Q

Why do we need Carbohydrates?

A

Source of energy. (Sugar - fast release and Starch - Slow release)

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5
Q

Proteins (Type of Foods)

A

Beef, eggs, fish and nuts.

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6
Q

Why do we need Proteins?

A

Protein is needed for growth and repair.

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7
Q

Fats (Type of Foods)

A

Oil, cheese, butter and chips.

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8
Q

Why do we need Fats?

A

Provides energy. IT’s also used to store energy in the body and insulate it against the cold.

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9
Q

Vitamins and Minerals (Type of Foods)

A

Fruit, Milk, Red meat, Ice cream, Vegetables and Dark chocolate.

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10
Q

Why do we need water?

A

To prevent us from being dehydrated. Needed as a solvent for chemical reactions in your body and as a transport medium.

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11
Q

Why do we need fibre?

A

Helps to provide roughage to help to keep the food moving through the gut and clean your digestive system.

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12
Q

What does fibre help to prevent?

A

Constipation and bowel cancer.

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13
Q

What is Malnutrition?

A

Malnutrition is a term which covers problems of both over and under nutrition.

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14
Q

What is Under-nutrition?

A

Under-nutrition occurs when there is a deficiency of one or more nutrients.

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15
Q

What is Over-nutrition and give 3 examples of condition caused by over-nutrition.

A

The most common form of over nutrition is having an energy intake excess of needs, resulting being overweight and obese. 3 examples of this are Obesity, Type 2 Diabetes and Cardiovascular disease.

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16
Q

What is used to test for starch?

A

Iodine

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17
Q

Colour Before?

A

Yellow-Brown

18
Q

Colour After?

A

Blue-Black

19
Q

What is used to test for sugar?

A

Benedict’s solution and heat

20
Q

Colour Before?

A

Blue

21
Q

Colour After?

A

Brick-red precipitate

22
Q

What is used to test for Protein?

A

Biuret reagent

23
Q

Colour Before?

A

Blue

24
Q

Colour After?

A

Purple

25
Q

What is used to test for Fat?

A

Ethanol and water

26
Q

Colour Before?

A

Colourless

27
Q

Colour After

A

Cloudy white emulsion

28
Q

How to heart attacks happen?

A

cholesterol builds up on the coronary artery walls, the blood flow to the heart becomes blocked, oxygen and glucose cannot each the heart muscle and the heart muscle dies as it cannot respire and produce energy.

29
Q

What causes a blood clot?

A

A blood clot is a build up of cholesterol that builds up in the wall.

30
Q

What is cholesterol?

A

cholesterol is a fatty substance that builds up on the coronary artery walls.

31
Q

What are coronary arteries?

A

They are blood vessels that bring blood to the heart.

32
Q

What is a stroke?

A

A build up of cholesterol that blocks the passage to the brain.

33
Q

What is the heart made of?

A

Muscle

34
Q

What does the blood carry to the heart?

A

Oxygen and glucose

35
Q

Give three reasons why circulatory heart diseases have a big financial impact on the NHS.

A

Patients are often in hospital for a long time.
Expensive drugs and medicines are often needed.
Many highly-trained staff are needed to care for the patients.

36
Q

What is heart rate?

A

Heart rate is the speed of the heartbeat, mainly known as bpm (beats per minute).

37
Q

What is a normal heart rate?

A

60-100 bpm

38
Q

What happens when we exercise?

A

The heart rate increases to supply the muscles with more oxygen to produce extra energy.

39
Q

What is meant by the term cardiac output?

A

the amount of blood pumped through the body.

40
Q

State the effect of a stronger heart on cardiac output.

A

Increased blood pumping each beat.

41
Q

How does this effect the heart?

A

Less wear and tear.

42
Q

What is the formula for calculation the cardiac output?

A

cardiac output = stroke volume x beats per minute.

Biology (2 decks)

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