Topic 2 - Economy

Question 1

Foragers live what kind of lifestyle?

Answer 1

Nomadic.

Question 2

What kind of technology do foragers have?

Answer 2

Very simple tools and human force.

Question 3

How was labour divided?

Answer 3

It was divided on the basic of gender and age.

Question 4

Foraging societies tend not to be egalitarian. True or false?

Answer 4

False. They do tend to be egalitarian.

Question 5

Private property was not important to foragers. True or false?

Answer 5

True. Private property wasn’t much of a thing with them.

Question 6

When did foraging start to become less important?

Answer 6

When the ice age ended and the earth warmed up and they were able to start growing their own food. This happened about ten thousand years ago.

Question 7

Where are some foraging populations today? (Note: what are they currently known as?)

Answer 7

Central African Republic, Amazonian forest, Australia.

Question 8

Aboriginal people in Australia had the simplest technology in the world? True or false?

Answer 8

True.

Question 9

Women collected, men hunted (Aboriginal australians) True or False?

Answer 9

True.

Question 10

What would the Aboriginal Australians incase they ran out of food?

Answer 10

They maintained social networks rather than storing their food.

Question 11

Who came up with the resource stress model?

Answer 11

Brian Hayden

Question 12

Pressure on the environment and improved hunting technology was a result of what geological change?

Answer 12

The ending of the Ice Age.

Question 13

What species were over hunted and exploited during hunting?

Answer 13

K-species

Question 14

What species did people start exploiting once they couldn’t hunt their normals animals anymore?

Answer 14

r-Species.

Question 15

What did the overexploitation of animals during hunting lead to?

Answer 15

Led the people to start producing their own food.

Question 16

Why was moving to agriculture a big risk for people who normally hunted?

Answer 16

It’s a slow process and if there is a bad crop that season, everyone in the tribe/village would probably starve.

Question 17

What was the transition between foraging to food production?

Answer 17

Horticulture.

Question 18

What did horticulture include?

Answer 18

Cultivating their own gardens. Private properties were then more important. New notion: material value and prestige.

Question 19

What was the transition from food production?

Answer 19

Pastoralism (animals.)

Question 20

What did Pastoralism include?

Answer 20

Herding of domesticated animals. Suitable for regions where farming was hard and not much of an option.

Question 21

What does “Transhumance” mean?

Answer 21

It means that the the nomads would travel back to the same spots season after season.

Question 22

What are the main animals of the Andes?

Answer 22

Llamas/alpacas.

Question 23

What are the main animals of Scandinavia?

Answer 23

Reindeer.

Question 24

What were the main animals in Mongolia?

Answer 24

Horses.

Question 25

What were the main animals in the Arabic Peninsula?

Answer 25

Camels.

Question 26

What were the main animals in Africa?

Answer 26

Cattle.

Question 27

What uses did the animals have for people who practiced Pastoralism?

Answer 27

They could turn inedible plants into food (they eat it and get fatter,) provided blood, meat, milk. Treated as wealth objects that could be exchanged at marriages and used for sacrifices.

Question 28

Societies that do not practice agriculture aren’t seen as having a low quality of life. True or false?

Answer 28

False. They are perceived as having a low quality of life.

Question 29

What things are included in foraging?

Answer 29

Hunting, fishing, gathering.

Question 30

What did those who did not practice agriculture lack?

Answer 30

Medicine and comfort.

Question 31

What are some things that describe agriculture?

Answer 31

Permanent residence and field, human and animal energy used, more tech, things are bought and sold in some form (money or bartering.) Surplus food can also be stored.

Question 32

How did Europeans take over (colonize) other places so quickly?

Answer 32

They had the advantage of navigation, wealth, population and better technology.

Question 33

Why didn’t places like Canada develop agriculture?

Answer 33

Because it was too cold. The only reason some places like Vancouver survived was because of the rich sea life near them that could be caught.

Question 34

What are good characteristics for a plant that is to be domesticated?

Answer 34

Quick maturation, big sees, can be stored for a long time and have a high protein content.

Question 35

What are characteristics for animals to be domesticated?

Answer 35

Fast growth rate, able to breed in captivity, not too aggressive, easy and cheap to feed.

Question 36

What are some consequences (good) of food production?

Answer 36

Population growth, complex irrigation systems (possible social control.) Innovations in tech, development of new ideas, positive effects on health but also negative.)

Question 37

What are some characteristics of industrial agriculture?

Answer 37

Massive mechanization of farming, mass production, extensive irrigation, pesticides, fertilizers. Capitalist mode of production.

Question 38

Why would famines happen with industrial agriculture and the mass production of food?

Answer 38

There is enough food for everyone, but it is distributed poorly.