Topic 2: Development Dynamics Flashcards
Brandt Line
A line that divides developed and developing countries on the world map.
Bottom-Up Project
A small scheme, organised by an NGO or charity, that aims to help the poorest families.
Capitalism
An economic and political system where trade and other sectors of the economy such as manufacturing are run by private companies for profit. They believe that the richer the country, the more developed it can be.
Colonialism
The act of getting control over another country, this involves occupying their land and results in exploitation of people and the country’s resources.
Communism
A system which believes that the population should be classless and equal financially. Goods and the means of production are owned communally (often by the state) instead of being owned by private companies so everyone has access to what they need.
Corruption
Governments that are dishonest or steal money to remain in power or for financial gain.
Economic Inequality
The difference in wealth between the richest 10% of a country’s population and the poorest 10%.
Frank’s Dependency Model
Describes neo-colonialism and how a country can gain control over a neo-colony through exploitation and economic dependency.
GDP
The value of all produce and spending within a country. GPD stands for Gross Domestic Product.
GDP per capita
The value of all produce and spending within a country, divided by the population.
Governance
The management of a place or group of people.
Human Development Index
A measure of several indicators including life expectancy, inequality and education.
Indicator
A way of measuring development, which focuses on the social, economic or environmental development.
Infant Mortality Rate
The fraction of children under 5 years old that die compared to the total number of births.
Informal Work
Self-employed or temporary work, which provides a small wage and limited health regulations.
Life Expectancy
The average number of years an individual is likely to live, determined at birth.
Lower Income Country (LIC)
A country of low wealth and a limited level of development.
Middle Income Country (MIC)
A country of sufficient wealth and a good level of development.
Non-Government Organisation (NGO)
A company or organisation that operates separate from the government, but doesn’t aim to make a profit (e.g. charities, universities).
Pollution Levels
The volume of pollution in the air or water.
Poverty Line
The minimum amount of income a person needs to live adequately.
Quality of Life
The standard of living of a person or a community. Many factors can affect this including health, comfort and access to services.
Respiratory Conditions
Illnesses that affect your breathing, for example asthma or lung disease.
Rostow’s Modernisation Theory
The development of a country takes five stages of growth: Traditional Society, Pre-Conditions for Take Off, Take Off, Drive to Maturity, Mass Consumption.
Social Inequality
The difference in quality of life between the highest income family and lowest income household.
Squatter Settlements
Clusters of temporary housing which migrants or low income families live in, often built on unfavourable land.
Top-Down Project
A large-scale scheme to improve development, organised by the government or a large TNC. The benefits of the scheme should trickle down to poorer families in the community.
Topography
The shape and relief of the land ie. mountainous, low-lying, flat, etc.
India’s social significance
• second largest population in the world- 1.39 billion
• by 2030, seven of india’s cities are projected to become megacities. There are already 5.
• 74.4% of india’s population is literate
India’s political significance
• the government is an active mmeber in many organisations, e.g, UN and G20
India’s economy
• fifth largest econony in the world
• GDP rising steadily for past 20 years
Globalisation in India
• BT, Microsoft, Barclays have hired other indian companies to set up their customer support call centres
• india has a lower minimum wage than UK, so businesses can reduce costs
Benefits of rural-urban migration in india
• better job alternatives
• better access to internet
• better education
Costs of rural-urban migration
• shortage of farmers
• can cause growth of slums/urban shanty towns
Malawi HDI
172/189
Malawi political development
• high corruption rate
• receives a lot of international suppory
Malawi economic development
• 80% of the population relies on agriculture for employment and food supplies
• economy has an average growth of 4% each year
• 51% of the population luve in relative poverty
Malawi trade & globalisation
• malawi exports most of its goods to europe and russia but these exports face regulations and expensive tariffs
• because of these tariffs and regulations, malwai cannot make much profit from trade
