Topic 2: Development Dynamics

Question 1

Brandt Line

Answer 1

A line that divides developed and developing countries on the world map.

Question 2

Bottom-Up Project

Answer 2

A small scheme, organised by an NGO or charity, that aims to help the poorest families.

Question 3

Capitalism

Answer 3

An economic and political system where trade and other sectors of the economy such as manufacturing are run by private companies for profit. They believe that the richer the country, the more developed it can be.

Question 4

Colonialism

Answer 4

The act of getting control over another country, this involves occupying their land and results in exploitation of people and the country’s resources.

Question 5

Communism

Answer 5

A system which believes that the population should be classless and equal financially. Goods and the means of production are owned communally (often by the state) instead of being owned by private companies so everyone has access to what they need.

Question 6

Corruption

Answer 6

Governments that are dishonest or steal money to remain in power or for financial gain.

Question 7

Economic Inequality

Answer 7

The difference in wealth between the richest 10% of a country’s population and the poorest 10%.

Question 8

Frank’s Dependency Model

Answer 8

Describes neo-colonialism and how a country can gain control over a neo-colony through exploitation and economic dependency.

Question 9

GDP

Answer 9

The value of all produce and spending within a country. GPD stands for Gross Domestic Product.

Question 10

GDP per capita

Answer 10

The value of all produce and spending within a country, divided by the population.

Question 11

Governance

Answer 11

The management of a place or group of people.

Question 12

Human Development Index

Answer 12

A measure of several indicators including life expectancy, inequality and education.

Question 13

Indicator

Answer 13

A way of measuring development, which focuses on the social, economic or environmental development.

Question 14

Infant Mortality Rate

Answer 14

The fraction of children under 5 years old that die compared to the total number of births.

Question 15

Informal Work

Answer 15

Self-employed or temporary work, which provides a small wage and limited health regulations.

Question 16

Life Expectancy

Answer 16

The average number of years an individual is likely to live, determined at birth.

Question 17

Lower Income Country (LIC)

Answer 17

A country of low wealth and a limited level of development.

Question 18

Middle Income Country (MIC)

Answer 18

A country of sufficient wealth and a good level of development.

Question 19

Non-Government Organisation (NGO)

Answer 19

A company or organisation that operates separate from the government, but doesn’t aim to make a profit (e.g. charities, universities).

Question 20

Pollution Levels

Answer 20

The volume of pollution in the air or water.

Question 21

Poverty Line

Answer 21

The minimum amount of income a person needs to live adequately.

Question 22

Quality of Life

Answer 22

The standard of living of a person or a community. Many factors can affect this including health, comfort and access to services.

Question 23

Respiratory Conditions

Answer 23

Illnesses that affect your breathing, for example asthma or lung disease.

Question 24

Rostow’s Modernisation Theory

Answer 24

The development of a country takes five stages of growth: Traditional Society, Pre-Conditions for Take Off, Take Off, Drive to Maturity, Mass Consumption.

Question 25

Social Inequality

Answer 25

The difference in quality of life between the highest income family and lowest income household.

Question 26

Squatter Settlements

Answer 26

Clusters of temporary housing which migrants or low income families live in, often built on unfavourable land.

Question 27

Top-Down Project

Answer 27

A large-scale scheme to improve development, organised by the government or a large TNC. The benefits of the scheme should trickle down to poorer families in the community.

Question 28

Topography

Answer 28

The shape and relief of the land ie. mountainous, low-lying, flat, etc.

Question 29

India’s social significance

Answer 29

• second largest population in the world- 1.39 billion
• by 2030, seven of india’s cities are projected to become megacities. There are already 5.
• 74.4% of india’s population is literate

Question 30

India’s political significance

Answer 30

• the government is an active mmeber in many organisations, e.g, UN and G20

Question 31

India’s economy

Answer 31

• fifth largest econony in the world
• GDP rising steadily for past 20 years

Question 32

Globalisation in India

Answer 32

• BT, Microsoft, Barclays have hired other indian companies to set up their customer support call centres
• india has a lower minimum wage than UK, so businesses can reduce costs

Question 33

Benefits of rural-urban migration in india

Answer 33

• better job alternatives
• better access to internet

• better education

Question 34

Costs of rural-urban migration

Answer 34

• shortage of farmers
• can cause growth of slums/urban shanty towns

Question 35

Malawi HDI

Answer 35

172/189

Question 36

Malawi political development

Answer 36

• high corruption rate
• receives a lot of international suppory

Question 37

Malawi economic development

Answer 37

• 80% of the population relies on agriculture for employment and food supplies
• economy has an average growth of 4% each year
• 51% of the population luve in relative poverty

Question 38

Malawi trade & globalisation

Answer 38

• malawi exports most of its goods to europe and russia but these exports face regulations and expensive tariffs
• because of these tariffs and regulations, malwai cannot make much profit from trade