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Chemistry > Topic 2- Crude Oil And Atomic Stucture > Flashcards

Topic 2- Crude Oil And Atomic Stucture Flashcards

1
Q

Why can ethanol and water be separated by fractional distillation?

A

Because the fractioning column separates a mixture of two or more liquids and their boiling points.

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2
Q

What is fractional distillation?

A

Fractional distillation is used when a mixture of two or more liquids need to be separated.

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3
Q

What is the main difference between simple distillation and fractional distillation?

A

The main difference between simple distillation and fractional distillation is the fractionating column . This allows better separation of gasses as they rise up the column, before they reach the condenser.

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4
Q

What is the similarities between simple distillation and fractional distillation?

A
  • They both spread a mixture
  • they also use similar equipment.
  • Then both use heat to separate mixtures.
  • Both start with a solution and end with a distilate.
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5
Q

What is the difference between simple distillation and fractional distillation boiling points?

A

Simple distillation: you don’t need different boiling points in the solution.

Fractional distillation: need a large difference in boiling points with in the solution.

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6
Q

What is crude oil?

A

Crude oil is a mixture of hydrocarbons

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7
Q

Does long-chain hydrocarbons boil/condense at a higher or lower temperature than short-chain hydrocarbons?

Answer is either higher/lower..

A

Higher

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8
Q

Give the name of the process used to separate crude oil into its fractions.

A

Fractional distillation

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9
Q

As you go up the column, describe what happens to :
A) the temperature
B) the carbon chain length of the molecules
C) the volatility of the molecules
D)the boiling points of the molecules

A

A) the temperature gets colder
B) increase
C) increase
D)decrease

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10
Q

What is a hydrocarbon?

A

Substance only contain hydrogen and carbon.

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11
Q

During fractional distillation, what part of the column is the hottest?

A

The bottom

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12
Q

What happens to crude oil before it enters the fractionating column?

A

It is heated and most of it is vaporised

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13
Q

Give one use of gasoline fraction?

A

A car/fuel for vehicles

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14
Q

Give one use of the bitumen fraction

A

Road surfaces

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15
Q

What fraction is more vicious- bitumen or gasoline?

A

Bitumen

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16
Q

What is the structure of an atom?

A

Atoms are made up of three subatomic particles: protons, electrons and neutrons

17
Q

What is the nucleus of an atom?

A

The nucleus of an atom is positively charged, and contains the mass of the atom.

18
Q

What’s the atomic number?

A

Number of protons

19
Q

What’s a mass number?

A

Total number of protons and neutrons

20
Q

What are isotopes?

A

Isotopes are atoms of the same element with the same number of protons but with a different number of neutrons. Isotopes have it identical chemical properties.

21
Q

What is the definition of relative atomic mass?

A

The average mass of an atom of an element, on a scale where C 12 equals 12 exactly

22
Q

Where did crude oil form from?

A

Crude oil is formed from the remains of dead animals and plants over millions of years.

23
Q

Describe fractional distillation method:

A
  • crude oil is heater before it enters the bottom of the column.
  • it is hottest at the bottom
  • the vapours rise up the column
  • when a fraction reaches it boiling point, it condenses to form a liquid
  • the longer the carbon chain, the higher the boiling point.
  • different fractions contain molecules with a similar number of carbons.
  • crude oil is therefore separated into fractions.
24
Q

What happens when you go down the column fractions:

A
  • become less flammable
  • become more viscous
  • become darker
  • have higher boiling points
25
Q

What is a fuel?

A

A fuel is a substance that is burnt to realise energy

26
Q

What happens when hydrocarbons are burnt?

A

When hydrocarbons are burnt they release carbon dioxide and water.

They can also release carbon monoxide (co) and carbon (c) if incomplete combustion takes place.

27
Q

What is the complete and incomplete combustion of propane: C3H8

A

Complete: C3H8 + 5O2 -> 3CO2 +4H2O

Incomplete: C3H8 + 2O2 -> 3C + 4H2O

28
Q

What does the nucleus contain:

A

In the centre of the atom, contains the protons and neutrons

29
Q

What is the relative and relative charge fro protons, neutrons and electrons?

A

Relative mass Relative charge
Protons: 1 +1
Neutrons: 1 0
Electrons: 1/1860 -1

30
Q

What are the numbers of electrons on the shells:

A

1st - 2 electrons
2nd - 8 electrons
3rd - 8 electrons
4th - 2 electrons

31
Q

What are the grouping for electrons on the periodic table?

A

Group number - number of outer electrons

Period number - number of occupied electron shells

Chemistry (6 decks)

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