Topic 2- Crude Oil And Atomic Stucture Flashcards
Why can ethanol and water be separated by fractional distillation?
Because the fractioning column separates a mixture of two or more liquids and their boiling points.
What is fractional distillation?
Fractional distillation is used when a mixture of two or more liquids need to be separated.
What is the main difference between simple distillation and fractional distillation?
The main difference between simple distillation and fractional distillation is the fractionating column . This allows better separation of gasses as they rise up the column, before they reach the condenser.
What is the similarities between simple distillation and fractional distillation?
- They both spread a mixture
- they also use similar equipment.
- Then both use heat to separate mixtures.
- Both start with a solution and end with a distilate.
What is the difference between simple distillation and fractional distillation boiling points?
Simple distillation: you don’t need different boiling points in the solution.
Fractional distillation: need a large difference in boiling points with in the solution.
What is crude oil?
Crude oil is a mixture of hydrocarbons
Does long-chain hydrocarbons boil/condense at a higher or lower temperature than short-chain hydrocarbons?
Answer is either higher/lower..
Higher
Give the name of the process used to separate crude oil into its fractions.
Fractional distillation
As you go up the column, describe what happens to :
A) the temperature
B) the carbon chain length of the molecules
C) the volatility of the molecules
D)the boiling points of the molecules
A) the temperature gets colder
B) increase
C) increase
D)decrease
What is a hydrocarbon?
Substance only contain hydrogen and carbon.
During fractional distillation, what part of the column is the hottest?
The bottom
What happens to crude oil before it enters the fractionating column?
It is heated and most of it is vaporised
Give one use of gasoline fraction?
A car/fuel for vehicles
Give one use of the bitumen fraction
Road surfaces
What fraction is more vicious- bitumen or gasoline?
Bitumen
What is the structure of an atom?
Atoms are made up of three subatomic particles: protons, electrons and neutrons
What is the nucleus of an atom?
The nucleus of an atom is positively charged, and contains the mass of the atom.
What’s the atomic number?
Number of protons
What’s a mass number?
Total number of protons and neutrons
What are isotopes?
Isotopes are atoms of the same element with the same number of protons but with a different number of neutrons. Isotopes have it identical chemical properties.
What is the definition of relative atomic mass?
The average mass of an atom of an element, on a scale where C 12 equals 12 exactly
Where did crude oil form from?
Crude oil is formed from the remains of dead animals and plants over millions of years.
Describe fractional distillation method:
- crude oil is heater before it enters the bottom of the column.
- it is hottest at the bottom
- the vapours rise up the column
- when a fraction reaches it boiling point, it condenses to form a liquid
- the longer the carbon chain, the higher the boiling point.
- different fractions contain molecules with a similar number of carbons.
- crude oil is therefore separated into fractions.
What happens when you go down the column fractions:
- become less flammable
- become more viscous
- become darker
- have higher boiling points
