Topic 2 - Class Differences in Achievement

Question 1

what is labelling

Answer 1

to attach a meaning or definition, teachers may label a student as bright, thick or troublesome

Question 2

what do teachers label upon

Answer 2

they label pupils based on stereotyped assumptions about their class 
THEY LABEL WOPRKING CLASS NEGATIVELY AND MIDDLE CLASS POSITIVELY.

Question 3

beckers interactionist study of labelling

Answer 3

60 Chicago high school students , teachers judged accordingly on how they fit the ‘ideal pupil’

Question 4

Jorgensen primary school study

Answer 4

teachers labelled the ideal pupil as quiet, passive and obedient- judged on their behaviour, not ability

Question 5

Labelling in secondary schools - Dunne and GAzely

Answer 5

schools persistently produce WC underachievement , teachers normalised the underachievement of WC pupils,
THEY BELIEVED THEY COULD OVERCOME THE UNDERACHIEVEMENT OF MC.

Question 6

teachers would set extension tasks for underachieving middle class pupils and entered WC for easier exams

Answer 6

wc pupils who were doing well were seen as overachieving

Question 7

Rays rist

primary school

Answer 7

teacher used information from pupils home backgrounds and appearance to place them into separate groups, depending on ability
tigers, clowns and cardinals

Question 8

why is the self fulfilling prophecy significant

Answer 8

teacher attaches label to student, teacher treats accordingly, student internalises label which becomes part of his self image

Question 9

Rosenthall and Jacobson ( selkf fulfilling prophecy)

Answer 9

test to identify spurters, even though they were given a standard IQ test
they return to the school a year later and the spurters had made progress

Question 10

why is rosenthall and jacobsons study significant ?

Answer 10

it shows us an interactionist principle : what people believe to be true will have real effects
it also shows us that the SFP can also produce underachievement as teachers portray their beliefs about students based on interaction

Question 11

outline the definition of streaming

Answer 11

separating children into different groups, based on their ability

Question 12

why is it hard for streamed pupils to move up

Answer 12

as they @get the image’ that their teachers believe that they are faliures as teachers have shone their view on them

Question 13

Do middle class benefit from streaming ?

Answer 13

yes as they are likely to be placed in higher streams , they gain confidence and work harder on their grades

Question 14

Gillborn an youdell link streaming to exam league tables, why ?

Answer 14

exam league tables create the A-C economy - where teachers put time into students that theyu know will achieve higher grades and boost the schools exam league table position

Question 15

Gillborn an youdell link streaming to exam league tables, why ?

Answer 15

exam league tables create the A-C economy - where teachers put time into students that they know will achieve higher grades and boost the schools exam league table position

Question 16

def differentiation

Answer 16

when techers catergorise pupils based on their abilty or behaviour qw

Question 17

def differentiation

Answer 17

when teachers categorise pupils based on their ability or behaviour

Question 18

Def polarisation

Answer 18

pupils respond to streaming by moving towards two poles - poro school subculture and the anti school

Question 19

the pro school subculture

Answer 19

pupils that are placed in high streams- usually MC, commited to the values of the school.They have good goals,enjoy school, have regular attendance and enjoy school

Question 20

the anti school subculture

Answer 20

placed in low streams (wc), suffer a loss of self esteem
SCHOOL HAS PLACED THEM INTO INFERIOR STATUS
gain status status from their friends eg: truanting.They dislike school, flout its rules

Question 21

what are the types of pupil responses

Answer 21

ingratiation,ritualism,retreatism and rebellion

Question 22

what is ingratiation

Answer 22

being the teachers pet

Question 23

def ritualism

Answer 23

staying out of trouble

Question 24

retreatism

Answer 24

day dreaming, mucking about

Question 25

rebellion

Answer 25

rejection of what the school stands for

Question 26

furlong

Answer 26

there are different types of response, acting differently with other teachers

Question 27

what is a habitus

Answer 27

is a for granted way of thinking , thinking and acting that are shared by a particular social class, mc can define its habitus as superior, placing it on the education system so the school holds middle class values

A02- this could be the reason why middle class feel alienated

Question 28

what is this :

refers to the harm done by denying someone status and value, defining their culture as worthless

Answer 28

symbolic violence

Question 29

what is this :
status, recognition and a sense of self worth that we gain from others
eg : wc girls gain —— by performing a Nike identity

Answer 29

symbolic capital

Question 30

Evans
wc girls from south London studying for their a levels, Reluctant to apply for places like Oxbridge universities
where does this come from

Answer 30

it comes from their habitus, they think about whether they would fit in

Question 31

streaming

Answer 31

is an extreme and institutionalised form of labelling , it puts students of similar ability into one group
Lacey describes streaming as ‘differentiation’, streaming often creates the self fulfilling prophecy

Question 32

streaming (ao2)

Answer 32

those placed in lower streams may be denied access to the same curriculum eg ( being put in for higher exams)

Question 33

Lacey - lower stream students follow or join anti school subcultures because the school deprives them of a status. Therefore, students create a status hierarchy , gaining status from their peers

Answer 33

use material and cultural deprivation

Question 34

Nike Identites

Answer 34

symbolic violence leads to pupil’s creating alternative identities and gain symbolic capital ( status and recognition

Question 35

How would students conform to the use of nike identities?

Answer 35

they would wear brands that were in style , without them they would feel inauthentic. Pupils identities wer strongly gendered
the right appearance earned symbolic capital and approval from peer groups and lead them away from bullying.

Question 36

do nike identities play apart in the rejection of higher education for working class students?

Answer 36

yes, they saw it as unrealistic as school was not for ‘people like us’, university was seen as risky and unaffordable
going into higher education was also seen as undesirable as it would not fit their desired lifestyle that would give them their identity

Question 37

working vclass identity and educational success

Answer 37

ingrtam found that ‘fitting in’ was very difficult for wc boys