topic 2 - cells and mitosis

Question 1

what is the importance of cell differentiation in the development of specialised cells?

Answer 1

it only expresses the genes that produce the proteins characteristics for that cell

they are able to form a specialised function in the body

Question 2

what is the process of the division of a cell by mitosis?

Answer 2

production of 2 daughter cells each with identical sets of chromosomes in the nucleus to the parent cell

resullts in the formation of 2 genetically identical diploid body cells

Question 3

describe growth in animals (to do with cells)

Answer 3

cell division - by mitosis

cell differentiation - a process by which a cell changes to become specialised for its job

Question 4

describe growth in animals (to do with cells)

Answer 4

cell division - by mitosis

cell elongation - plant expands to make it bigger and makes the plant grow

dell differentiation - cells changing to become more specialised for their job

Question 5

what is a cell checkpoint?

Answer 5

to check that the cells are growing and replicating DNA

Question 6

what is interphase?

Answer 6

DNA spread out in long string. before it divides, the cell has to grow and increase the amount of subcellular structures

then duplicated its DNA and forms x-shaped chromosomes

Question 7

what is prophase?

Answer 7

chromosomes condense, membrane in the nucleus breaks down and the chromosomes lie free in the cytoplasm

Question 8

what is metaphase?

Answer 8

the chromosomes line up in the center of the cell

Question 9

what is anaphase?

Answer 9

cell fibers pull chromosomes apart, 2 of each chromosome go to each end of the cell

Question 10

what is telophase?

Answer 10

membranes form around each sets of chromosomes and these become the nuclei of the 2 new cells as the nucleus has divided

Question 11

what is cytokinesis?

Answer 11

before telophase ends the cytoplasm and cell membrane form 2 separate cells

Question 12

what is a haploid cell?

Answer 12

a cell containing half the amount of chromosomes

e.g sex cells

Question 13

what is an asexual cell?

Answer 13

cells that divide by mitosis only

Question 14

what are 2 parts of a cell that copy themselves before mitosis begins?

Answer 14

chromosomes

pairs of homologus

Question 15

what is mitosis?

Answer 15

cells dividing to create new cells

Question 16

what are the stages of a cell cycle?

Answer 16

interphase (not mitosis)
prophase
metaphase
anaphase
telophase
cytokinesis

Question 17

why do cells divide?

Answer 17

growth
replace old/ worn out cells
repair damaged cells

Question 18

what does diploid mean?

Answer 18

a cell that has 2 copies of itself

Question 19

what stages do plats go through when they grow?

Answer 19

1. cell division
2. cell elongation
3. cell differentiation