Topic 2: Cells

Question 1

What is the function of the nucleus?

Answer 1

Contains the hereditary information and controls the cell’s activities.

Question 2

Function of the nucleolus?

Answer 2

Makes ribosomal RNA and assembles ribosomes.

Question 3

Function of the mitochondrion?

Answer 3

Releases energy and produces ATP in aerobic respiration.

Question 4

Components of a mitochondrion and its uses?

Answer 4

• Cristae - innerfoldings of membrane provide a large SA for enzymes and proteins associated with respiration
• Matrix - contains proteins, lipids and DNA allowing the mitochondrion to control the production of enzymes DNA is like prokaryotic cells

Question 5

Function of rough endoplasmic reticulum?

Answer 5

Synthesis of proteins and transport of proteins throughout the cell.

Question 6

Function of smooth endoplasmic reticulum?

Answer 6

Synthesises, stores and transports lipids and carbohydrates.

Question 7

Function of golgi body?

Answer 7

• Modifications of proteins to form glycoproteins
• Formation of lysosomes
• Secretion of carbohydrates

Question 8

What are lysosomes?

Answer 8

Vesicles containing hydrolitic enzymes such as proteases and lipases

Question 9

Function of lysosomes?

Answer 9

• Break down material ingested by phagocytic cells
• Release enzymes outside the cell
• Digest worn out organelles
• Break down dead cells autolysis

Question 10

Function of chloroplasts?

Answer 10

Absorb light energy for photosynthesis

Question 11

Components of chloroplasts and usage?

Answer 11

• Grana - stacks of thylakoids where chlorophyll is found
• Stroma - fluid-filled matrix containing structures such as starch grains

Question 12

Use of grana and DNA?

Answer 12

• Grana - provide large SA for attachment of chlorophyll
• Also have DNA required to synthesise proteins needed

Question 13

What is the layer that marks the boundary between plant cells?

Answer 13

Middle lamella