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Chemistry AQA > Topic 2 - Bonding, structure and the properties of matter > Flashcards

Topic 2 - Bonding, structure and the properties of matter Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the atomic number of an element?

A

The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom.

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2
Q

True or False: An isotope has the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons.

A

True

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3
Q

What is the formula for calculating the number of neutrons in an atom?

A

Number of neutrons = Atomic mass - Atomic number

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4
Q

Fill in the blank: The pH scale ranges from _____ to _____.

A

0 to 14

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5
Q

What is the chemical formula for water?

A

H2O

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6
Q

What type of bond involves the sharing of electron pairs between atoms?

A

Covalent bond

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7
Q

Which gas is produced during photosynthesis?

A

Oxygen

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8
Q

What do we call a reaction that absorbs energy?

A

Endothermic reaction

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9
Q

True or False: Acids turn blue litmus paper red.

A

True

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10
Q

What is the process of a solid turning directly into a gas called?

A

Sublimation

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11
Q

What is the name of the periodic table group that contains noble gases?

A

Group 18

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12
Q

Complete the statement: Metals are generally _____ conductors of electricity.

A

Good

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13
Q

What is the main component of natural gas?

A

Methane (CH4)

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14
Q

What is the law of conservation of mass?

A

Mass is neither created nor destroyed in a chemical reaction.

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15
Q

What is the term for a substance that speeds up a chemical reaction without being consumed?

A

Catalyst

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16
Q

Which process involves the breaking down of glucose to release energy?

A

Cellular respiration

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17
Q

True or False: All alkali metals are found in Group 1 of the periodic table.

A

True

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18
Q

What is the main difference between ionic and covalent bonds?

A

Ionic bonds involve transfer of electrons; covalent bonds involve sharing of electrons.

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19
Q

What is the chemical symbol for sodium?

A

Na

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20
Q

Fill in the blank: The process of a liquid turning into a gas is called _____.

A

Evaporation

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21
Q

What is the primary gas responsible for global warming?

A

Carbon dioxide (CO2)

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22
Q

What is the formula for calculating the molar mass of a compound?

A

Sum of the atomic masses of all atoms in the formula.

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23
Q

True or False: A base is a substance that can accept protons.

A

True

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24
Q

What is the term for the amount of solute that can dissolve in a given amount of solvent at a specific temperature?

A

Solubility

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25
Q

What is the name of the process where liquid turns to solid?

A

Freezing

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26
Q

What do we call a mixture that has a uniform composition throughout?

A

Homogeneous mixture

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27
Q

What is the chemical formula for carbon dioxide?

A

CO2

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28
Q

What is the main function of enzymes in biological systems?

A

To catalyze biochemical reactions.

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29
Q

Fill in the blank: The atomic mass of an element is the weighted average of the masses of its _____.

A

Isotopes

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30
Q

What is the effect of increasing temperature on the rate of a chemical reaction?

A

It generally increases the reaction rate.

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31
Q

Name the three states of matter.

A

Solid, liquid, gas

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32
Q

True or False: Water is a polar molecule.

A

True

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33
Q

What is the term for the smallest unit of an element that retains its properties?

A

Atom

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34
Q

What are the two main types of chemical bonds?

A

Ionic and covalent bonds

35
Q

What is the general rule for predicting the charge of an ion formed by elements in Group 1?

A

They typically lose one electron and form a +1 ion.

36
Q

What is the term for the energy required to break a bond in a molecule?

A

Bond energy

37
Q

What is the chemical symbol for potassium?

A

K

38
Q

Fill in the blank: The process of separating a solid from a liquid in a mixture is called _____.

A

Filtration

39
Q

What is the primary product of combustion of hydrocarbons?

A

Carbon dioxide and water

40
Q

What type of reaction occurs when an acid reacts with a base?

A

Neutralization reaction

41
Q

True or False: All metals are solid at room temperature.

A

False

42
Q

What do we call the vertical columns in the periodic table?

A

Groups

43
Q

What is the process of converting a gas into a liquid called?

A

Condensation

44
Q

What is the chemical formula for sulfuric acid?

A

H2SO4

45
Q

Fill in the blank: The atomic structure of an atom includes protons, neutrons, and _____.

A

Electrons

46
Q

What is a common use of limestone in industry?

A

To produce lime (calcium oxide) or cement.

47
Q

What is the main characteristic of transition metals?

A

They can form multiple oxidation states and colored compounds.

48
Q

What is the main purpose of a periodic table?

A

To organize elements based on their properties and atomic structure.

49
Q

What is the term for the reaction of an organic compound with oxygen?

A

Combustion

50
Q

What is the unit of measurement for the amount of substance?

A

Mole

51
Q

True or False: A catalyst is consumed in a chemical reaction.

A

False

52
Q

What is the chemical name for NaCl?

A

Sodium chloride

53
Q

Fill in the blank: The main gas in the Earth’s atmosphere is _____.

A

Nitrogen

54
Q

What is the primary function of chlorophyll in plants?

A

To absorb light energy for photosynthesis.

55
Q

What do we call the energy required to start a chemical reaction?

A

Activation energy

56
Q

What is the term for a substance that increases the concentration of hydrogen ions in a solution?

A

Acid

57
Q

What is the chemical formula for ammonia?

A

NH3

58
Q

Fill in the blank: The process of breaking down a substance into simpler substances is called _____.

A

Decomposition

59
Q

What is the term for the ability of a substance to dissolve in another substance?

A

Solubility

60
Q

What is the primary source of energy for the Earth?

A

The Sun

61
Q

What is the chemical symbol for iron?

A

Fe

62
Q

True or False: All acids contain hydrogen.

A

True

63
Q

What is the process called when a liquid changes to a solid?

A

Freezing

64
Q

What is the term for the arrangement of electrons around the nucleus of an atom?

A

Electron configuration

65
Q

What is the chemical formula for glucose?

A

C6H12O6

66
Q

Fill in the blank: The main component of air is _____ gas.

A

Nitrogen

67
Q

What is the term for a reaction that releases energy?

A

Exothermic reaction

68
Q

What is the name for the negatively charged particles in an atom?

A

Electrons

69
Q

What is the chemical formula for hydrochloric acid?

A

HCl

70
Q

Fill in the blank: The number of protons in an atom determines its _____ in the periodic table.

A

Element

71
Q

What is the primary component of the Earth’s crust?

A

Silicon and oxygen (as silicates)

72
Q

What is the term for the process of converting a solid directly into a gas?

A

Sublimation

73
Q

What is the chemical formula for ethanol?

A

C2H5OH

74
Q

True or False: Ionic compounds typically have high melting and boiling points.

A

True

75
Q

What is the process of combining elements to form a compound called?

A

Synthesis

76
Q

What is the main function of the respiratory system in humans?

A

To exchange gases (oxygen and carbon dioxide) with the environment.

77
Q

What is the term used for a solution that has a pH less than 7?

A

Acidic solution

78
Q

What is the chemical name for the compound with the formula CaCO3?

A

Calcium carbonate

79
Q

Fill in the blank: The solid state of water is called _____.

A

Ice

80
Q

What is the name of the bond formed between two atoms when they share electrons?

A

Covalent bond

81
Q

What is the term for a substance that can accept electrons?

A

Oxidizing agent

82
Q

What is the primary product of the reaction between an acid and a carbonate?

A

Carbon dioxide, water, and a salt

83
Q

True or False: The atomic mass of an element is a whole number.

A

False

84
Q

What is the name for the positively charged ions?

A

Cations

Chemistry AQA (2 decks)

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