topic 2 - Bonding, structure and properties of matter

Question 1

ions

Answer 1

ions are charged particles. they are formed when atoms lose or gain electrons. metals form positive ions and non-metals form negative ions.

Question 2

ionic bonding

Answer 2

when a metal and an non-metal react together. the metal loses electrons and the non-metal gains them. the oppositely charged ions are strongly attracted by electrostatic forces. we use dot and cross diagrams to show this.

Question 3

ionic compounds

Answer 3

have a structure called a giant lattice. have high melting and boiling points. can conduct electricity when molten or in water. table salt is sodium chloride and is a ionic compound

Question 4

covalent bonding

Answer 4

happens when two non-metals bond together. they share electrons . the nuclei of the atoms are attracted to the shared pair of electrons by electrostatic forces. we also use dot and cross diagrams here but it’s slightly different than to ionic bonding. u have to show that they are being shared not given

Question 5

polymers

Answer 5

lots of small units are linked together to form a long molecule that has repeated sections. u see covalent binds within polymers.

Question 6

giant covalent structures

Answer 6

all the atoms are bonded to each other by string covalent bonds. high melting and boiling points. they don’t conduct electricity in any circumstance.

Question 7

name all the allotropes of carbon

Answer 7

diamond
graphite, graphene
fullerenes

Question 8

metallic bonding

Answer 8

the electrons are delocalised. the electrostatic forces of positive metal ions and shared negative electrons keep the atoms together in a regular structure

Question 9

alloys

Answer 9

pure metals often don’t work for some tasks. so we mix other metals to make them harder

Question 10

the three states of matter

Answer 10

solid liquids gases

can be effected by the material, temp, pressure

Question 11

solids

Answer 11

strong forces of attraction
close together, fixed positions
vibrate and don’t flow

Question 12

liquids

Answer 12

weak forces of attraction 
randomly arranged 
free to move but tend to stick close together 
no definite shape, but definite volume 
constantly moving with random motion

Question 13

gases

Answer 13

practically no forces of attraction, free to move and are far apart. no shape or volume. move constantly with random motion

Question 14

state symobols

Answer 14

(s) - solids
(l) - liquids
(g) - gas
(aq) - aqueous, dissolves in water