Topic 2 - Bonding and Structure

Question 1

What is an ionic bond?

Answer 1

The strong electrostatic attraction between two oppositely charged ions.

Question 2

What are isoelectronic ions?

Answer 2

Ions of different atoms with the same number of electrons

Question 3

Why do lattices form?

Answer 3

Each ion is electrostatically attracted in all directions to ions of the opposite charge

Question 4

Explain how the migration of ions is evidence for the presence of charged particles.

Answer 4

When you electrolyse a green solution of copper (II) chromate (VI) on a piece of wet filter paper, the filter paper turns blue at the cathode (negative electrode) and yellow at the anode (positive electrode).
Copper (II) ions are blue in solution and chromate (VI) ions are yellow.
When you pass a current through the solution, the positive ions move to the cathode and the negative ions move to the anode.

Question 5

What is a covalent bond?

Answer 5

The strong electrostatic attraction between two positive nuclei and the shared electrons

Question 6

What is a dative covalent bond?

Answer 6

A covalent bond where one atom donates both electrons

Question 7

What is the name of the structure and bond angle if it has 2 electron pairs around the central atom?

Answer 7

Linear
180°

Question 8

What is the name of the structure and bond angle if it has 3 bonding pairs around the central atom?

Answer 8

Trigonal planar
120°

Question 9

What is the name of the structure and bond angle if it has 2 bonding pairs and 1 lone pair around the central atom?

Answer 9

Non-linear
119°

Question 10

What is the name of the structure and bond angle if it has 4 bonding pairs around the central atom?

Answer 10

Tetrahedral
109.5°

Question 11

What is the name of the structure and bond angle if it has 3 bonding pairs and 1 lone pair around the central atom?

Answer 11

Trigonal pyramidal
107°

Question 12

What is the name of the structure and bond angle if it has 2 bonding pairs and 2 lone pairs around the central atom?

Answer 12

Non-linear
104.5

Question 13

What is the name of the structure and bond angle if it has 5 bonding pairs around the central atom?

Answer 13

Trigonal bipyramidal
120°
90°

Question 14

What is the name of the structure and bond angle if it has 4 bonding pairs and 1 lone pair around the central atom?

Answer 14

Seesaw

. F
. F(b)|
.(a) > S xx
. F |
. F

a = 102°
b = 87°

Question 15

What is the name of the structure and bond angle if it has 3 bonding pairs and 2 lone pairs around the central atom?

Answer 15

Distorted T

. F
.xx |
. Cl — F
.xx |
. F

87.5°

Question 16

What is the name of the structure and bond angle if it has 6 bonding pairs around the central atom?

Answer 16

Octahedral

. F
.F | F
. >S<
.F | F
. F

90°

Question 17

What is the name of the structure and bond angle if it has 5 bonding pairs and 1 lone pair around the central atom?

Answer 17

Square pyramidal

. F (b)
. F | F
. >I< (a)
. F F

a = 90°
b = 81.9°

Question 18

What is the name of the structure and bond angle if it has 4 bonding pairs and 2 line pairs around the central atom?

Answer 18

Square planar

F xx F
>Xe<
F xx F

90°

Question 19

What does electronegativity mean?

Answer 19

The ability of an atom to attract the bonding electrons in a covalent bond

Question 20

What is a dipole?

Answer 20

A difference in charge between two atoms caused by a shift in electron density in the bond.