Topic 2: Bonding and Structure

Question 1

Write the symbol and charge of a lithium ion

Answer 1

Li+

Question 2

Write the symbol and charge of a calcium ion

Answer 2

Ca2+

Question 3

Write the symbol and charge of an aluminium ion

Answer 3

Al3+

Question 4

Write the symbol and charge of an ammonium ion

Answer 4

NH4+

Question 5

Write the symbol and charge of a sulphide ion

Answer 5

S2-

Question 6

Write the symbol and charge of a sulfate ion

Answer 6

SO4^2-

Question 7

Write the symbol and charge of a hydroxide ion

Answer 7

OH-

Question 8

Write the symbol and charge of a nitrate ion

Answer 8

NO3^-

Question 9

Write the symbol and charge of a carbonate ion

Answer 9

CO3^2-

Question 10

Write the symbol and charge of a phosphate ion

Answer 10

PO4^3-

Question 11

what is bonding

Answer 11

describing how atoms or ions or molecules form attractive forces. (All types of bonding involve electrostatic attraction between positive and negative charges)

Question 12

what is structure

Answer 12

describing how atoms, ions or molecules are arranged.

Question 13

Name 4 types of bonding

Answer 13

• ionic
• covalent
• metallic
• intermolecular
  -London forces (van der Waals forces)
  -Permanent dipole-dipole forces
  -Hydrogen bonding

Question 14

Name 2 types of structures

Answer 14

• simple covalent structure
• giant lattices
  -giant covalent lattices (macromolecules)
  -giant ionic lattices
  -giant metallic lattices

Question 15

define cation

Answer 15

positively charged ion

Question 16

define anion

Answer 16

negatively charged ion

Question 17

define isoelectronic

Answer 17

Chemical species that have the same number of electrons, e.g. N​ , O​ , F​ ions
are isoelectronic - they all have ten electrons. CO and N​2 are isoelectronic molecules - they both have 14 electrons.

Question 18

IONIC BONDING
ions are formed when a (1) atom loses one or more (2) to form a positive ion, (3) or when a (4) atom (5) one or more (6) to form a (7) ion, (8)

Answer 18

1 - metal
2 - electrons
3 - cation
4 - non metal
5 - gains
6 - electrons
7 - negative
8 - anion

Question 19

IONIC BONDING
ions are formed when a (1) atom loses one or more (2) to form a positive ion, (3) or when a (4) atom (5) one or more (6) to form a (7) ion, (8)

Answer 19

1 - metal
2 - electrons
3 - cation
4 - non metal
5 - gains
6 - electrons
7 - negative
8 - anion

Question 20

Name two non metallic positive ions

Answer 20

Hydrogen - H+
Ammonium - NH4+

Question 21

Define an ionic bond

Answer 21

Strong electrostatic attraction between two oppositely charged ions.

Question 22

the strength of the electrostatic attraction between ion, and so ionic bond depends on:
- (1)
- (2)

Answer 22

1 - the charge of the ions
2 - the radius of the ions (ionic radius)