TOPIC 2 - BONDING AND STRUCTURE

Question 1

What is an ionic bond?

Answer 1

The electrostatic force of attraction between oppositely charged ions

Question 2

What is a covalent bond?

Answer 2

The electrostatic attraction between the nuclei of two atoms and the bonding electrons of their outer shell

Question 3

How does ionic charge affect ionic bonding?

Answer 3

The greater the charge on an ion, the stronger the ionic bond

Question 4

How does ionic bond strength affect melting/boiling points?

Answer 4

The higher the ionic bond strength the higher melting/boiling points.

Question 5

How does ionic radii affect ionic bonding?

Answer 5

The smaller the ionic radii the stronger the ionic bond, as electrostatic attraction gets weaker with distance, so small, closely packed ions have stronger ionic bonding

Question 6

What happens to ionic radius as you go down a group?

Answer 6

It increases

Question 7

What are isoelectronic ions?

Answer 7

Isoelectronic ions are ions of different atoms with the same number of electrons

Question 8

Why do giant ionic lattice structures form?

Answer 8

They form because each ion is electrostatically attracted in all directions to ions of the opposite charge

Question 9

How does bond length affect bond enthalpy in a covalent bond?

Answer 9

The shorter the bond length the higher the bond enthalpy

Question 10

What is a dative (coordinate) covalent bond?

Answer 10

A covalent bond where both electrons come from one atom

Question 11

How many BP and LP and bond angle for a linear molecule?

Answer 11

2 BP, 0 LP, 180

Question 12

How many BP and LP and bond angle for a trigonal planar molecule?

Answer 12

3 BP, 0 LP, 120

Question 13

How many BP and LP and bond angle for a tetrahedral molecule?

Answer 13

4 BP, 0 LP, 109.5

Question 14

How many BP and LP and bond angle for a trigonal bipyramidal molecule?

Answer 14

5 BP, 0 LP, 90 and 120

Question 15

How many BP and LP and bond angle for an octahedral molecule?

Answer 15

6 BP, 0 LP, 90

Question 16

How many BP and LP and bond angle for a trigonal pyramidal molecule?

Answer 16

3 BP, 1 LP, 107

Question 17

How many BP and LP and bond angle for a V shaped (bent) molecule?

Answer 17

2 BP, 2 LP, 104.5

Question 18

What properties do giant covalent structures have?

Answer 18

High melting points, hard, good thermal conductors, insoluble, can’t conduct electricity

Question 19

Which one giant covalent structure can conduct electricity?

Answer 19

Graphite, as the carbon atoms form sheets leaving a free 4th outer electron free to move

Question 20

What is electronegativity?

Answer 20

Electronegativity is the ability of an atom to attract the bonding electrons in a covalent bond

Question 21

What happens when a bond is between two atoms with different electronegativities?

Answer 21

The bonding electrons will be pulled towards the more electronegative atom, which causes the electrons to be spread unevenly, and so there will be a charge across the bond, and the bond is said to be polar