Topic 2: Blood vessels

Question 1

what are arteries?

Answer 1

blood vessels that carry oxygenated blood away from the heart. they have thick flexible walls that allow then to contract, 3 layers, and branch into smaller arterioles.

Question 2

what are veins?

Answer 2

blood vessel that carries deox. blood towards the heart. they have thin rigid walls, one-way valves, 3 layers, and branch into smaller venules.

Question 3

what are capillaries?

Answer 3

blood vessels that connect arteries and veins to tissues. has only 1 layer of cells and is smaller and wider than arteries and veins, is the site of gas exchange in the circ. system.

Question 4

what is the systemic pathway?

Answer 4

circulates blood from the heart to the body and back.

Question 5

what is the pulmonary pathway?

Answer 5

circulates blood from the heart to the lungs and back.

Question 6

what is the coronary pathway?

Answer 6

Oxygen and nutrients reach the heart through capillaries in the heart wall, supplied by two arteries branching from the aorta, while deoxygenated blood is carried away by coronary veins.

Question 7

what is blood pressure?

Answer 7

the pressure exerted against the walls of the heart as blood is transported throughout the body

Question 8

how is blood pressure measured?

Answer 8

measured as systolic/diastolic ratio. systolic = max pressure during ventricle contraction. diastolic = min pressure during ventricle contraction.

Question 9

what is a normal blood pressure?

Answer 9

120/80

Question 10

what are some factors that affect heart rate?

Answer 10

stress, exercise, caffeine, music, illness, temp, lifestyle, anxiety, fear, dehydration.

Question 11

heart attack symptoms in women

Answer 11

neck, shoulder, upper back, abdominal discomfort
shortness of breath
sweating
nausea/vomiting
light headedness/dizziness
unusual fatigue

Question 12

heart attack symtoms in men

Answer 12

intense chest pain
shortness of breath
cold sweat
pain in left arm

Question 13

what is arterioscelosis?

Answer 13

the hardening od the arteries due to buildup of plaque. leads to decreased blood flow and increased blood pressure.

Question 14

what is arteriosclerosis caused by?

Answer 14

caused by smoking, lack of exercise, high diets in fat.

Question 15

how is arteriosclerosis treated?

Answer 15

Aspirin, and angioplasty (inflation of artery by inserting a tube through surgery)

Question 16

why is heart attack a leading factor of death for women?

Answer 16

heart attack symptoms in women are more subtle so they are less likey to call 911 so they will more likely die.