Topic 2. Atomic Theory Flashcards
What are the subatomic particles and their charge?
Protons - positive
Neutrons - neutral/no charge
Electrons - negative
What is A in the formula of an atom?
The atomic number, the number of protons
What is Z in the formula of an atom?
The mass number, the sum of protons and neutrons
What are isotopes?
Isotopes are variants of atoms, theyvary based on neutron number. They have the same chemical properties but different physical properties.
What is atomic mass?
Atomic mass is the average weight of an element. It can be calculated if the natural abundance of the element’s isotopes are known.
What is a cation?
A positively charged ion
What is an anion?
A negatively charged ion
What is a mass spectrometer?
A mass spectrometer is used to determine the different masses of atoms. It shows the different isotopes aswell as their abundance.
What is an emission light spectrum?
If thel light of an exited atom passes through a prism, an emission light spectrum is produced? The sequence of lines can be used to identify the element.
What is the hydrogen spectrum?
When a hydrogen atom is exited it can jump to a higher energy level. When it falls back down an emission spectrum is produced.
If it falls back to the 1st level it is in the UV-region
If it falls back to the 2nd level it is in the visible region
If it falls back to the 3rd level it is in the infrared region
What are the 4 types of orbitals?
- s-orbitals
- p-orbitals
- d-orbitals
- f-orbitals
What is the Aufbau principle?
Electrons always adopt the lowest energy configuration possible
What is Hund’s rule?
If there are several orbitals with the same energy these orbtals are first occupied singly before doubling up.
What are the 2 exceptions in electron configuration?
Cr: ends with 4s¹ 3d⁵
Cu: ends with 4s¹ 3d¹⁰
