Topic 2 - A Flashcards
List the sub-cellular organelles in an animal cell?
- nucleus
- nuclear envelope
- golgi apparatus
- ribosomes
- mitochondria
- cytoplasm
- smooth endoplasmic reticulum
- rough endoplasmic reticulum
List the sub-cellular organelles in a plant cell?
- nucleus
- nuclear envelope
- golgi apparatus
- ribosomes
- mitochondria
- cytoplasm
- chloroplast
- smooth endoplasmic reticulum
- rough endoplasmic reticulum
- vacuole
- cell wall
Describe the function of the nucleus?
- contains DNA of cell
- chromatin has genetic material before they form chromosomes
- site of transcription
Describe the function of the ribosome?
- site of protein synthesis and translation
- attaches to rough ER as it has ribosomes
- 80s for large subunits in eukaryotic cells
- 70s for small subunits in prokaryotic cells
Describe the function of the mitochondria?
- produces ATP for release of energy
- site of aerobic respiration
- some cells need large supply of ATP
- double membrane (cristae, matrix)
Describe the function of the cholorplast?
- thykaloid membrane
- contains chlorophyll
- site of photosynthesis
Describe the function of the cytoplasm?
- site of bio-chemical reactions (metabollic)
- protein synthesis and degration
Describe the function of the cell membrane?
- lets nutrients and waste in and out
- selective permeable membrane
Describe the function of the golgi apparatus?
- transports and modifies fats and lipids
- adds non-protein components to proteins
- forms lysosomes
- transfers fats to accurate places and labels them
Describe the function of the lysosome?
- vesicles produce lipase and protease
- hydrolysis materials ingested by phagocytosis
- release enzymes
- digest worn out organelles
Describe the function of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum?
- transports and synthesises lipids and carbohydrates
- lacks ribosomes
Describe the function of the vacoule?
- contains minerals, salts, sugars and amino acids
- temporary food store
- helps plants stay turgid and upright
- fluid sac bound by membrane
Describe the function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum?
- ribosomes on outer surface
- provides pathway for protein synthesis to transport proteins
Describe the function of the cell wall?
- fluid filled sac membrane bound
- keep cell upright and turgid
- pass along water movement
- provides strength to help cells from bursting
Explain the state of DNA in a prokaryotic cell?
DNA is short, circular, naked that is freely suspended with no chromosomal structure but a plasmid (coiled nuceiod)
How are prokaryotic cells made and their sizes?
They are made by binary fission and are less than 2um in size.
What is murien/peptidoglycagon and where do you find it?
It’s the cell wall of a prokaryotic bacteria cell.
What are mesosomes?
They are the infolding of the cell membrane and iit unclear what they do but it is likely to be involved in respiration, replication of DNA and secretion.
State the definition of magnification?
A measure of how large an image is compared to the real object.
What is the equation for magnification?
Magnification = Image/ Actual