Topic 1 - B Flashcards
What is ATP?
Adenosine Triphosphate which is a nucleotide derivative formed from a ribose, a molecules of adenosine and 3 phosphate.
What are 3 benefits of ATP?
- universal in all cells and organism
- small, manageable release of energy
- immediate release of energy
Explain ADP
Adenosine Diphosphate is catalysed by the enzyme ATP hyrdolase and is the product of ATP hydrolysis and an inorganic phosphate
Why is ADP useful?
- the hydrolysis of ATP can be coupled with energy-requiring reactions within cells.
- the inorganic phosphate can be used to phosphorylate other compounds making them more reactive
List waters properties
S - Specific Heat Capacity S - Solvent L - Latent Heat Vaporistion M - Metabolite A - Adhesion (attraction to other molecules) T - Transparent C - Cohesion C - Compression
Explain what Latent Heat of Vaporisation?
- amount of energy needs to change water’s temperature by 1 degrees
- water has high heat capacity
- water is used by warm blooded animals to more evenly disperse heat in their bodies
Explain what a good solvent?
- ion and polar molecules can easily dissolve
Explain cohesive properties are?
- strong attractions between water molecules due to hydrogen bonds
- surface area tension produced when water meets air (why water droplets form)
Explain what is meant by a good metabolite?
- water is used or formed in many metabolic reactions (condensation, hydrolysis)
Describe what inorganic ions are?
- found in small organisms where they can occur in a solution (in the cytoplasm of ells and body fluids)
State 3 things about inorganic ions?
- atoms with unshared electrons in outer shell
- carry a positive or negative charge
- also form parts of larger molecules
What do inorganic ions perform?
- found in haemoglobin where they play a role in transporting oxygen
- phosphate ions form structural roles in DNA
- hydrogen ions are important in pH of solutions and functioning of enzymes
- sodium ions transport glucose across plasma membrane
Why is useful ATP in metabollic process?
- synthesis of proteins/DNA/starch/glycogen
Why is useful ATP in movement?
- muscle contraction, rotation of bacterial flagella
Why is useful ATP in active transport?
- absorption of glucose in gut/kidney
Why is useful ATP in secretion?
- formation of lysosomes
Why is useful ATP in activation of molecules?
- glucose activation in glycosis
Why can’t ATP be stored?
- it has to be continually be made within mitochondria of cells that need it
