Topic 2! Flashcards
Science Understanding in the Curriculum
4 strands
Biological Sciences
Chemical Sciences
Physical Sciences
Earth and Space Sciences
National Curriculum (Australia)
Science Understanding
Science as a Human Endeavor
Science Inquiry Skills
The general outcomes for Chemical Sciences under the Australian Curriculum are:
The chemical and physical properties of substances are determined by their structure (Properties and Structure).
Substances change and new substances are produced by rearranging atoms through atomic interactions and energy transfer (Interaction and Change).
States of Matter
Solid
Liquid
Gas
There is a fourth state, which exists in extreme circumstances. I’m sure you’ve already heard of it; it’s called Plasma.
What are non-Newtonian fluids?
Fluids with solid and liquid properties
Melting
When a solid becomes a liquid
Freezing
When a liquid becomes a solid
Evaporation
When a liquid becomes a gas
Condensation
When a gas becomes a liquid
Sublimation
When a solid becomes a gas
Deposition
Now, the Teacher never says this, so be careful with this information, but I recently discovered that when a gas becomes a solid its called “deposition”.
Crystalline Transition
when one solid turns into another
Kinetic Theory of Matter
Molecules behave differently in different states
A solid keeps it own fixed shape and the volume is fixed.
A liquid takes shape of part of the container, it’s volume is also fixed.
A gas will take the shape of its container, it’s volume is not fixed.
Atomic structure
All atoms consist of a small central nucleus
The central nucleus is made up of protons and neutrons
The central nucleus is surrounded by smaller particles called electrons.
In it’s normal state an atom has the same number of protons (+1) as electrons (-1) so that the charges are balanced.
Protons
Protons have a mass of 1 unit and a charge of +1. Be positive like a proton!
