Topic 2

Question 1

What effect did the refugee crisis have?

Answer 1

Krushchev lost skilled workers.

In November 1958- Krushchev gave a 6 month ultimatum for troops to leave West Berlin.

Question 2

What were the Four Summits?

Answer 2

Geneva- May 1959
Camp David- September 1959
Paris- May 1960
Vienna- June 1961

Question 3

What happened at Geneva, 1959?

Answer 3

Only representatives went.

No agreements.

Question 4

What happened at Camp David, 1959?

Answer 4

Krushchev & Eisenhower meet.

The ultimatum is lifted.

Question 5

What happened in Paris, 1960?

Answer 5

After the U2 spy plane incident.

Krushchev walked out.

Question 6

What happened at Vienna, 1961?

Answer 6

Krushchev used JFK to reinstate the ultimatum.

JFK refuses- he spends $3.2 billion dollars on defence & $207 million on shelters.

Question 7

When was the Berlin Wall built?

Answer 7

12th August 1961

It was the literal iron curtain.

Question 8

What happened at the Bay of Pigs, 1961?

Answer 8

Eisenhower wanted to kill Castro.
JFK calls the CIA backed invasion to overthrow Castro.
USA defeated in 2 days.
The SU put nuclear missiles in Cuba- it was 90 miles away from Florida.

Question 9

When was the Cuban Missile Crisis?

Answer 9

October 1962

Question 10

When was the Cuban Revolution?

Answer 10

1959
Castro was the dictator and wanted more independence.
USA stopped Cuban sugar import.
Cuba turned to the USSR.

Question 11

When were the 13 days?

Answer 11

16th- 28th October 1962

Question 12

What happened during the 13 Days?

Answer 12

16th- Spy plane see’s nuclear missiles in Cuba.
20th- JFK- naval blockade around Cuba.
25th- Arms were at high alert- JFK writes to Krushchev.
26th- Krushchev agrees if the USA don’t invade.
27th- Krushchev heard the USA are planning to invade. New agreement made- missiles will be removed if USA removes Turkish missiles, USA agrees in secret.
28th- Krushchev accepts.

Question 13

When was the Berlin Refugee Crisis?

Answer 13

1949-61

2.7 million people fled to West Germany.

Question 14

When was the direct communication hotline set up?

Answer 14

1963

To help the leaders communicate.

Question 15

What was the Limited test ban treaty?

Answer 15

Set up in 1963

No nuclear missiles in or to be tested in space, the sea or underground.

Question 16

When was the Prague Spring?

Answer 16

1968

Question 17

Why did the Prague Spring happen?

Answer 17

By the 60s communism had no benefit in Czechoslovakia.
They had a weak economy; low standard of living; brutal secret police.

Dubcek- came to power in January 1968.

Question 18

When did Brezhnev come into power?

Answer 18

1964

Question 19

Dubcek

Answer 19

Friends with Brezhnev.

‘Socialism with a Human Face’

Question 20

What were the Prague Spring reforms

Answer 20

April 1968;

• relaxation of censorship
• political opposition allowed
• more power in the Czechoslovakian government.
• capitalist elements in the economy.

Question 21

What was the Brezhnev Doctrine?

Answer 21

The USSR could invade any Eastern European country.

Question 22

What was Brezhnev’s response to socialism with a human face?

Answer 22

Feared control was weakened.
In August he invaded and removed Dubcek.
August 20th- SU tanks in Czechoslovakia.
Dubcek told the Czech people not to be violent.
Dubcek was arrested, taken to Moscow and forced to make Czech normal again.

Question 23

What was Eurocommunism?

Answer 23

Countries such as Italy and France became independent from the SU communist party.
Eurocommunism in the West & SU communism in the East.

Question 24

When was the Outer Space Treaty created?

Answer 24

1967

Question 25

What’s the definition of detenté?

Answer 25

A period of relaxation.

Question 26

What was SALT 1?

Answer 26

Created in 1972.
Limited nuclear capability.
No more short range missiles.
Anti-ballistic missiles- 2 each- to shoot down other missiles.
Submarines could only carry warheads when ballistic missiles were obsolete.

Question 27

What was SALT 2?

Answer 27

Created in 1974.
SALT 1 was only temporary
Both sides could only have 2250 nuclear missiles.

Signed in 1979

Question 28

What did the Apollo- Soyuz show?

Answer 28

Happened in 1975.

Showed they could cooperate in space.

Question 29

When was the Helsinki agreement?

Answer 29

In 1975.
35 representatives from 35 countries in the EU.
Discussed 3 issues; security, human rights & cooperation.

Question 30

Helsinki agreement- security;

Answer 30

Country boundaries (East and West) were accepted.
Must have peaceful disputes.
No country can interfere with another countries issues.

Question 31

Helsinki agreement; cooperation-

Answer 31

Economic cooperation through trade.
Industrial cooperation- same standards, joint projects.
Scientific- sharing information.
Educational- exchanges.

Question 32

Helsinki agreement- human rights;

Answer 32

Freedom of;
Speech
Movement
Religion
Information

Question 33

When was the collapse of the detenté?

Answer 33

1978

SU invade Afghanistan