Topic 2 Flashcards
What effect did the refugee crisis have?
Krushchev lost skilled workers.
In November 1958- Krushchev gave a 6 month ultimatum for troops to leave West Berlin.
What were the Four Summits?
Geneva- May 1959
Camp David- September 1959
Paris- May 1960
Vienna- June 1961
What happened at Geneva, 1959?
Only representatives went.
No agreements.
What happened at Camp David, 1959?
Krushchev & Eisenhower meet.
The ultimatum is lifted.
What happened in Paris, 1960?
After the U2 spy plane incident.
Krushchev walked out.
What happened at Vienna, 1961?
Krushchev used JFK to reinstate the ultimatum.
JFK refuses- he spends $3.2 billion dollars on defence & $207 million on shelters.
When was the Berlin Wall built?
12th August 1961
It was the literal iron curtain.
What happened at the Bay of Pigs, 1961?
Eisenhower wanted to kill Castro.
JFK calls the CIA backed invasion to overthrow Castro.
USA defeated in 2 days.
The SU put nuclear missiles in Cuba- it was 90 miles away from Florida.
When was the Cuban Missile Crisis?
October 1962
When was the Cuban Revolution?
1959
Castro was the dictator and wanted more independence.
USA stopped Cuban sugar import.
Cuba turned to the USSR.
When were the 13 days?
16th- 28th October 1962
What happened during the 13 Days?
16th- Spy plane see’s nuclear missiles in Cuba.
20th- JFK- naval blockade around Cuba.
25th- Arms were at high alert- JFK writes to Krushchev.
26th- Krushchev agrees if the USA don’t invade.
27th- Krushchev heard the USA are planning to invade. New agreement made- missiles will be removed if USA removes Turkish missiles, USA agrees in secret.
28th- Krushchev accepts.
When was the Berlin Refugee Crisis?
1949-61
2.7 million people fled to West Germany.
When was the direct communication hotline set up?
1963
To help the leaders communicate.
What was the Limited test ban treaty?
Set up in 1963
No nuclear missiles in or to be tested in space, the sea or underground.
When was the Prague Spring?
1968
Why did the Prague Spring happen?
By the 60s communism had no benefit in Czechoslovakia.
They had a weak economy; low standard of living; brutal secret police.
Dubcek- came to power in January 1968.
When did Brezhnev come into power?
1964
Dubcek
Friends with Brezhnev.
‘Socialism with a Human Face’
What were the Prague Spring reforms
April 1968;
- relaxation of censorship
- political opposition allowed
- more power in the Czechoslovakian government.
- capitalist elements in the economy.
What was the Brezhnev Doctrine?
The USSR could invade any Eastern European country.
What was Brezhnev’s response to socialism with a human face?
Feared control was weakened.
In August he invaded and removed Dubcek.
August 20th- SU tanks in Czechoslovakia.
Dubcek told the Czech people not to be violent.
Dubcek was arrested, taken to Moscow and forced to make Czech normal again.
What was Eurocommunism?
Countries such as Italy and France became independent from the SU communist party.
Eurocommunism in the West & SU communism in the East.
When was the Outer Space Treaty created?
1967
What’s the definition of detenté?
A period of relaxation.
What was SALT 1?
Created in 1972.
Limited nuclear capability.
No more short range missiles.
Anti-ballistic missiles- 2 each- to shoot down other missiles.
Submarines could only carry warheads when ballistic missiles were obsolete.
What was SALT 2?
Created in 1974.
SALT 1 was only temporary
Both sides could only have 2250 nuclear missiles.
Signed in 1979
What did the Apollo- Soyuz show?
Happened in 1975.
Showed they could cooperate in space.
When was the Helsinki agreement?
In 1975.
35 representatives from 35 countries in the EU.
Discussed 3 issues; security, human rights & cooperation.
Helsinki agreement- security;
Country boundaries (East and West) were accepted. Must have peaceful disputes. No country can interfere with another countries issues.
Helsinki agreement; cooperation-
Economic cooperation through trade.
Industrial cooperation- same standards, joint projects.
Scientific- sharing information.
Educational- exchanges.
Helsinki agreement- human rights;
Freedom of; Speech Movement Religion Information
When was the collapse of the detenté?
1978
SU invade Afghanistan
