Topic 1 Flashcards
Tehreran Conference
1943
Stalin wanted a 2nd Western Front.
Roosevelt promised an invasion (1944 D-Day.)
Reconstruction of Europe.
Big 3- Eastern Europe= sphere of influence. Western Europe= capitalist sphere of influence.
Stalin wanted Germany to pay compensation.
Yalta Conference
1945
Stalin helped the USA fight Japan.
Negotiations about dividing Germany.
Roosevelt & Churchill agree to build a communist government if Greece is left alone.
The Declaration of the Liberation of Europe. SU, GB & USA work for democracy in Europe.
UN creation agreed.
Potsdam Conference
1945
Truman is a firm anti-communist.
Agreed to; ban Nazi’s, make survivors war criminals.
USA atomic bomb worked & Truman dictated the conference.
Stalin started a buffer zone.
Germany split into 4 zones.
The Long Telegram
American Ambassador in Moscow
1946
Stalin made a speech against capitalism.
USSR is building a military.
Novikov’s Telegram
SU Ambassador in USA 1946 USA wants to dominate the world. After Roosevelt died the USA & SU didn't cooperate. The USA public prepared for war vs SU
Greece
Civil War between capitalist monarchy & the communists.
1945- GB troops help the capitalists.
USSR tried to take Greece by force.
1947- GB take out their troops but Truman paid GB to stay & stop the communists.
Truman Doctrine
1947
Policy to contain communism.
He feared communism would be popular in Europe.
Said they had a choice between ‘communist tyranny’ & ‘democratic freedom.’
The world was divided in 2- Cold War begun.
Marshall Plan
1947
Committed $13 billion to rebuild economy.
Boost USA economy.
For countries to join they must trade with the USA and be capitalist.
Comniform
1947
Bring communist parties under USSR control.
Removed disloyal people.
Comecon
USSRs Marshall Plan
1947
Encourage economic development in E. Europe.
Prevent Western Trade.
Minimise USA influence.
Benefits economic growth in the sphere of influence.
Paris Conference
1948
European leaders discussed USAs offered.
USSR walked out.
Sphere of influence rejected.
When was the Berlin Blockade?
1948-49
Airlift
January- 17,000 tonnes
It made Stalin look aggressive.
September 1949- West Germany (FDR) was created.
October 1949- Eastern Europe created (GDR.)
NATO
Set up in 1949
Made in response to the Berlin Blockade.
Alliance between the West.
Arms Race
1945- USA uses an atomic bomb on Japan.
1949- USSR tested nuclear bomb.
1953- Both sides have bombs.
When did Stalin die?
1953
Warsaw Pact
USSRs response to NATO
Includes the Eastern Europe sphere of influence.
What caused the Hungarian Uprising?
Krushchev promised to start de-stalinisation in 1956.
Eisenhower encouraged the Hungarians to uprise but didn’t give military help.
When did Krushchev come into power and what did he promise?
1955- de-stalinisation.
What was a key feature of de-stalinisation?
Hungary riots Nagy- leader; Leaves the Warsaw Pact Makes Hungary neutral Seeks help from the UN Wanted them to lead a more Western life.
What happened in November 1956?
Krushchev sends 200,000 troops to stop Nagy.
20,000 killed and 200,000 flee.
Kadar becomes the new ruler.
When was the Cold War?
1943-1989
What were the key features of the Hungarian uprising?
Krushchev replaced Rakoski with Nagy who wants to the leave W.P.
USSR used comniform to oppose the oppresive regime in Hungary.
The purges abolished all opposition parties and opponents. 387000 were imprisoned and 2000 executed.
What were the effects of the Hungarian Uprising?
Krushchev sent 200,000 SU troops into Hungary in Nov. 1956.
There was 2 weeks of fighting.
Thousands killed.
200,000 fled to Austria.
Nagy was arrested and executed for treason.
Kadar was the new leader and re-introduced Soviet dominion.
