Topic 2 Flashcards
What are the 3 domains
Archaea
Bacteria
Eukarya
Name all the taxons in the taxonomic classification
Domain
Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species
(Dont Kill People Coz Of Family Greiving Situations)
What is the binomial naming system
Genus Species
e.g Homo Sapiens
What kingdoms are within the Eukarya Domain
Protista, Plantae, Fungi and Animalia
what is an autotroph
an organism that is able to form nutritional organic substances from simple inorganic substances such as carbon dioxide. E.g plants that photosynthesise
what is a heterotroph
A heterotroph is an organism that cannot produce its own food, instead taking nutrition from other sources of organic carbon, mainly plant or animal matter.
What is the difference between cytosol and cytoplasm
The cytosol is the fluid portion of the cytoplasm, excluding the organelles and other structures.
The cytoplasm includes everything inside the cell membrane except for the nucleus. This means it consists of the cytosol plus all the organelles (like mitochondria, ribosomes, the endoplasmic reticulum, etc.) and other structures.
what is a hormone
a signalling molecule within a multicellular organism; effectively hormones deliver messages between cells.
what is a arthopod
a phylum of the animal kingdom. Arthropods do not have a backbone, i.e. they are ‘invertebrates’. They have a skeleton on the outside of their body (an exoskeleton), a segmented body with jointed legs and are symmetrical along their length.
Arthropods include classes of: insects (butterflies, ants, etc.), arachnids (spiders, mites, scorpions, etc.), chilopods (centipedes) and diplopods (millipedes)
What are the three processes involved in growth?
Cell division, synthesis of new structures from raw materials and cell expansion.
What are meristems and where are they found?
Meristems are actively dividing cells found in plants at the tips of roots and shoots.
State the parts of interphase in the cell cycle
G1 phase- cell grows, increasing the number of organelles, and prepares for DNA synthesis
S phase- DNA replicates
G2 phase- cell prepares for division
what is a homologous chromosome
a pair of chromosomes, one of which has come from the mother and one from the father of the organism
what is a diploid cell
contains pairs of homologous chromosomes
what is anabolism (biosynthesis)
the building of new organic compounds.
Anabolic reactions require an input of energy to occur
involved in growth and reproduction. (enzymatic reactions)
what is catabolism
Catabolic reactions that release energy from the breakdown of biological molecules.
Energy is stored in the chemical bonds of organic and inorganic compounds.
The breakdown of these compounds releases energy.
what is a ligand
small chemical compound which binds to to one type of cell surface receptor only and induces a change in shape of the receptor
what is signal transduction
transference of the message from the outside of the cell to the inside
what is a tropism
A plants response to a stimulus
what is an auxin
plant growth hormone
