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Chemisty > Topic 2 > Flashcards

Topic 2 Flashcards

1
Q

how are ions made

A

ions are made when electrons are transferred

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2
Q

what happens when non metals form ions

A

they gain electrons into their outer shell to form negative ions

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3
Q

which groups are most likely to form ions

A

1&2 and 6&7

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4
Q

what is covalent bonding

A

it is when non-metals bond together and share pairs of electrons

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5
Q

why are covalent bonds strong

A

the positively charged nuclei of bonded atoms are attracted to the shred pair of electrons by electrostatic forces making them strong

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6
Q

What are the states of matter and there state symbols?

A

Solid-s
Liquid-l
Gas-g
Aqueous solution-aq

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7
Q

what doe metallic bonding involve?

A

metallic bonding involves delocalised electrons

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8
Q

how can metallic bonding occur

A

The electrons on the outer shell are delocalised and therefore there are strong forces of electrostatic attraction between positive metal ions and the shared negative electrons

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9
Q

What does the structural formula show?

A

It shows the bonds between atoms in a molecule

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10
Q

What happens in the structural formula?

A

each atom is shown by its chemical symbol
each covalent bond is shown as a straight line

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11
Q

what are atoms bonded together by in giant covalent structures?

A

Strong covalent bonds

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12
Q

why do covalent structures have a high melting and boiling points?

A

Because lots of energy is needed to break down the strong covalent bonds between atoms

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13
Q

Why don’t giant covalent structures conduct electricity?

A

they don’t contain charged particles and therefore don’t conduct electricity even when molten

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14
Q

What are the main examples of giant covalent structures and what are they made of

A

diamond and graphite
which are made from carbon atoms and silicon dioxide(silica)

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15
Q

What are polymers?

A

they are long chains of repeating units

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16
Q

What is a polymer?

A

lots of small units are linked together to form a molecule

17
Q

What are all the atoms in a polymer joined by?

A

they are joined by strong covalent bonds

18
Q

why are most polymers a solid at room temperature?

A

the intermolecular forces between polymer molecules are larger then simple covalent molecules so more energy is needed to break them down

19
Q

Why do polymers have a lower boiling point the ionic or giants molecular compounds?

A

they intermolecular forces are weaker then ionic or covalent bonds

20
Q

what are fullerenes and how do nanotubes play into this?

A

they are forms of carbon dioxide and inculde nanotubes

21
Q

what are nanotubes?

A

long cylindrical molecules made from carbon atoms which are joined together by covalent bonds

22
Q

What is an allotrope?

A

different structural forms of the same element in the same physical state

23
Q

What are carbons 3 allotropes?

A

diamond, graphite and graphene

24
Q

What is diamond?

A

a giant covalent structure, each carbon atom haa 4 covalent bonds

25
Q

What is the structure of an ionic compound?

A

regular lattice structure

26
Q

What is the structured of an ionic compound called?

A

giant ionic lattice

27
Q

What types of forces of attraction are there between oppositely charged ions?

A

very strong electrostatic forces of attraction

28
Q

Why do ionic compounds have high metaling and boiling points?

A

because it takes a lot of energy to break the many strong bonds

29
Q

What form do ionic compounds have to be in to conduct electricity?

A

molten or in a solution and insulators when solid

30
Q

Why does diamond have a high melting point?

A

strong covalent bonds

31
Q

Why doesn’t diamond conduct electricity?

A

no free electrons or ions

32
Q

What does graphite contain?

A

sheets of hexagons

33
Q

In graphite how many bonds does carbon have?

A

three covalent bonds

34
Q

Why are the layer free to move over each other?

A

because they is weak bonds between each layer

35
Q

Why is graphite a good lubricant?

A

because it is soft and slippery

36
Q

Has graphite got a high or low melting point?

A

high because it needs lots of energy to break the bonds

37
Q
A

Chemisty (5 decks)

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