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Chemisty > Topic 1 > Flashcards

Topic 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What are atoms composed of ?

A

Protons, electrons and neutrons

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2
Q

Define an element ?

A

Something which is made up of 1 type of atom and has a symbol on the periodic table

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3
Q

What is an isotope ?

A

Different forms of the same element,which have the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons

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4
Q

Define relative atomic mass?

A

An average mass taking into account the different masses and abundances of all the isotopes that make up the element

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5
Q

What is the history of the atom?

A

1800-Dalton,each chemical element had its own atom
1877 to 1906-Thompson,tiny negatively charged and bigger particles positively charged
1909-Rutherford,scattering experiment electrons were orbiting the nucleus which contains protons
1914 to 1932-Bohr’s,electrons were in a fixed energy level

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6
Q

What is a compound?

A

They are made up of two or more elements chemically bonded together. They also have a formula eg H2O

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7
Q

What do formulas show ?

A

Which atoms are in a compound

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8
Q

Finish the sentence
Chemical changes are shown …….

A

Using chemical equations eg if methane burns in oxygen giving carbon dioxide and water
= methane+oxygen - carbon dioxide+water

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9
Q

What is the difference between a compound and a mixture?

A

A mixture is not chemically bonded and can therefore be split

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10
Q

Who were the two people who came up the the periodic table and what did the do

A

Newlands-arranged in order off mass
- every 8th element had similar properties
-not believed as it didn’t work for all elements

Mendeleev-order masses but swapped a few to fit a pattern
-left gaps for undiscovered elements and predicted properties

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11
Q

Which elements go in Group 1 of the periodic table?

A

Group 1-alkali metals

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12
Q

Finish the sentence
Metals are element which can form….

A

Positive ions when they react

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13
Q

What are the difference between metals and non-metals ?

A

Metals are strong but are malleable
Metals are good at conducting heat and electricity and non metals aren’t
Metals have high boiling and melting points and non metals do not

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14
Q

What are the 6 group 1 elements ?

A

They are lithium, sodium, potassium, rubidium, caesium and francium

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15
Q

What are 3 trends of alkali metals?

A

Increasing reactivity down the group
Lower melting and boiling points
Higher relative atomic mass

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16
Q

Describe florine?

A

Florine-very reactive, poisonous yellow gas

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17
Q

What are the 3 trends in the halogens?

A

They become less reactive
Have a higher melting point
Have higher relative atomic masses

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18
Q

Name the 5 noble gases ?

A

helium, neon, argon, krypton, xenon, radon

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19
Q

Describe iodine?

A

Iodine is a group 7 element and is dark grey crystalline solid or a purple vapour

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20
Q

Describe bromine ?

A

Bromine is a group 7 element and is a dense, poisonous, red-brown volatile liquid

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21
Q

Describe chlorine?

A

Chlorine is a group 7 element and is fairly reactive,poisonous dense green gas

22
Q

What is the last group 7 element?

A

Astatine

23
Q

Why are noble gases unreactive ?

A

They have 8 electrons therefore a full outer shell meaning they are unreactive

24
Q

What type of gases are noble gases ?

A

They exist as monatomic gases-they are not bonded together

25
Q

Two characteristics of group 0 elements ?

A

Colourless gases at room temperature
They are non-flammable

26
Q

What can group 1 metals also be called?

A

Alkali metals

27
Q

2 Characteristics of alkali metals?

A

Alkali metals are soft and have a low density

28
Q

Why are group 1 metals so reactive?

A

They all have one electron in the outer shell and therefore arevery reactive

29
Q

Which elements go in group 7 of the periodic table?

A

Group 7-halogens

30
Q

Which elements go in group 0?

A

Group 0-noble gases
- has a full outer shell

31
Q

where are transition metals in the periodic table?

A

Between group 2 and 3

32
Q

Transition metals are ‘typical metals’
True or false?

A

true

33
Q

4 Characteristics of transition metals?

A

good conductors of heat and electricity, dense, strong and shiny

34
Q

What is 1 special propertie of transtion metal?

A

can have more than one ion

35
Q

What is 1 special property of transition metal?

A

are often colored and therefore compounds that contain them are coloured

36
Q

What is 1 special properties of transition metal?

A

they make good catalysts

37
Q

Which numbers describe an atom?

A

Atomic number(bottom number)
mass number(top number)

38
Q

Number of protons is equal to the number of electrons in an atom
Trur or false

A

True

39
Q

What does a formula show?

A

What atoms are in a compound

40
Q

How are chemical changes shown?

A

chemical equations

41
Q

What do symbol equations show?

A

The atoms on both sides

42
Q

Why do symbol equations need to be balanced?

A

to show the original arragments and the new ones

43
Q

What does paper chromatography do?

A

separate different dyes and inks

44
Q

What does filtration separate?

A

insoulble soilds from liquids

45
Q

What are the two ways to separate soluble solids from solutions?

A

Evaporation and crystallisation

46
Q

what can filtration and crystallization separate?

A

rock salt

47
Q

What is simple distillation used to separate?

A

solutions

48
Q

What is the process of simple distillation?

A

heating - evaportaing - cooling - condensing

49
Q

What is fractional distillation used to sperate?

A

a mixture of liquids

50
Q

Why does fractional distillation work?

A

different liquid have different boiling points

Chemisty (5 decks)

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