TOPIC 2 Flashcards
- skillful use of means to accomplish a purpose.
MANAGEMENT
– Using all your resources to accomplish your goal or objective through the application of available human resources
MANAGEMENT
- It is an executive function such as planning, organizing, directing and supervising, coordinating, operating, recording and budgeting traffic affairs.
TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT
- refers to the movement of person, goods or vehicle, either thru foot, powered by combustion system or thru animal drawn from one place to another for the purpose of travel.
TRAFFIC
– The word traffic was derived from the word ______ which means “to carry on trade”.
“TRAFFICARE”
- entire width between boundary lines of every way or place of which any part is open to the use of the public for purposes of vehicular traffic as a matter of right or custom
TRAFFIC WAY
part of this is the roadway and shoulder
TRAFFIC WAY
- part of traffic way over which motor vehicle pass.
ROADWAY
- either side of the roadway.
SHOULDER
THE FIVE PILLARS OF TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT
- TRAFFIC ENGINEERING
- TRAFFIC EDUCATION
- TRAFFIC ENFORCEMENT
- TRAFFIC ECOLOGY/ENVIRONMENT
- TRAFFIC ECONOMY
- It is the science of measuring traffic and travel and the study of the basic laws relative to the traffic flow and generation, and application of this knowledge to the professional practice of planning, and the operating traffic systems to achieve safe and efficient movement of persons and goods.
TRAFFIC ENGINEERING
What is the main agency that is responsible in TRAFFIC ENGINEERING?
DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC WORK AND HIGHWAYS (DPWH)
FUNCTION OF TRAFFIC ENGINEERING
- FACT FINDING SURVEY AND RECOMMENDATION OF TRAFFIC RULES AND REGULATIONS
- SUPERVISING AND MAINTENANCE TO THE APPLICATION OF TRAFFIC CONTROL DEVICES
- PLANNING OF TRAFFIC REGULATIONS
TYPES OF TRAFFIC CONTROL DEVICES:
- TRAFFIC ROAD SIGNS
- PAVEMENT MARKINGS
- TRAFFIC LIGHTS
- TRAFFIC ISLAND
- A sign usually made of a metal plate in a conspicuous location beside a road whereby a message is conveyed by means of words or symbols officially installed for the purpose of regulating, warning, or guiding traffic.
TRAFFIC ROAD SIGN/ TRAFFIC SIGN/ ROAD SIGN
CLASSIFICATION OF TRAFFIC SIGN:
A. DANGER WARNING SIGNS
B. REGULATORY SIGNS
C. INFORMATIVE SIGNS
- It is also known as “CAUTION SIGNS”
DANGER WARNING SIGNS
-These signs are intended to give caution for approaching road hazards.
DANGER WARNING SIGNS
These signs have equilateral triangle/triangular shape with one side horizontal and having red borders, black markings and white background
DANGER WARNING SIGNS
– These are intended to give the road users of special obligation, restrictions or prohibition with which they must comply.
REGULATORY SIGNS
–These signs are Round and some are Inverted Triangle, it have Red border, white background, black markings
REGULATORY SIGNS
THREE CATEGORIES OF REGULATORY SIGN
- PRIORITY SIGNS
- PROHIBITORY SIGNS
- MANDATORY SIGNS
– these are signs intended to regulate priority over a particular road section or roadway intersection.
Example: GIVE WAY
PRIORITY SIGNS
– these signs can be used on specified section of the road which will be easily see by motorist to indicate regulation which is prohibitive or restrictive in nature.
Example: NO OVERTAKING, NO ENTRY, NO U TURN
PROHIBITORY SIGNS
– these signs are intended to guide road users of special rules in which they must comply for their safety.
Example: 40 min
MANDATORY SIGNS
– also known as “GUIDE SIGNS” OR “DIRECTION SIGNS”.
INFORMATIVE SIGNS
-These signs are modified signs that actually give directional instructions for the driver to take.
INFORMATIVE SIGNS
- These are lines, patterns, words, colors set into surface to the roadway, officially placed for the purpose of regulating, warning, or traffic control.
PAVEMENT MARKINGS
means motorist or vehicle are travelling in a same direction
WHITE LINES
means that motorist or vehicles are travelling the opposite direction
YELLOW LINES
- Are white lines separating lanes of traffic moving in the same direction.
SINGLE WHITE CONTINUOUS LINE
- Crossing of solid white line is discouraged
SINGLE WHITE CONTINUOUS LINE
means passing to the right or left is allowed provided that the way is clear.
SINGLE WHITE DOTTED LINE
- Passing is permitted on the side of the broken line but not on the side of the solid line.
BROKEN AND SOLID YELLOW LINES
-a.k.a. pedestrian lane
CROSSWALK
-It indicates directions of permitted traffic movement
DIRECTIONAL ARROWS
What are under the pavement markings?
- SINGLE WHITE CONTINUOUS LINE
- SINGLE WHITE DOTTED LINE
- BROKEN AND SOLID YELLOW LINES
- CROSSWALK
- DIRECTIONAL ARROWS
- Refers to any power operated traffic control device which traffic is warned or directed to take some specific actions.
TRAFFIC LIGHTS
– Used to control the movement of traffic at junctions and also to stop traffic to provide safe crossing points for pedestrians and cyclist.
TRAFFIC LIGHTS
- he developed the first world electric traffic lights in 1912 in Salt Lake City, Utah USA.
LESTER WIRE
What year did Lester Wire developed the first world electric traffic lights?
1912
The color of traffic lights are the?
RED
YELLOW/AMBER
GREEN
What place did Lester Wire developed the first world electric traffic lights?
Salt Lake City, Utah USA
- these are the elevated areas located at some part of the roadway.
TRAFFIC ISLAND
What are the meaning of this color of traffic lights:
RED-
YELLOW/AMBER-
GREEN-
RED- STOP
YELLOW/AMBER- WARNING
GREEN- GO
4 CLASSIFICATIONS OF TRAFFIC ISLAND
- DIVISION ISLAND
- CHANNELIZING ISLAND
- ROTARY ISLAND
- PEDESTRIAN ISLAND
-These are areas within the roadway constructed in a manner to establish physical channels through which vehicular traffic is guided
TRAFFIC ISLAND
- These are constructed primarily to divide the streams of the motor vehicles.
DIVISION ISLAND
- These are constructed to channelize or direct the flow of traffic.
CHANNELIZING ISLAND
– it is also known as “MEDIAN BARRIERS”.
DIVISION ISLAND
–this allows smooth turning point to prevent interference straight moving vehicles
CHANNELIZING ISLAND
– creates a circular flow in one direction which is found in intersection that has a circular central island.
ROTARY ISLAND
– It is also called as “RUNABOUT/ ROTONDA”.
ROTARY ISLAND
– Elevated circle/circular flow shaped found in intersection for the purpose of turning around
ROTARY ISLAND
- These are constructed between the pedestrian sidewalk and the road pavement to prevent motor vehicles from using the sidewalk for parking and passing purposes.
PEDESTRIAN ISLAND
HIERARCHY OF TRAFFIC CONTROL
- TRAFFIC CONTROL OFFICER
- TRAFFIC SIGNAL LIGHT
- TRAFFIC SIGN
- PAVEMENT MARKINGS
- RIGHT-OF-WAY RULES
– means the right to proceed ahead of another vehicle or pedestrian.
RIGHT OF WAY
WHAT ARE THE RIGHT OF WAY RULES?
- If a vehicle arrives at an intersection before you, it has the right of way.
- It two cars get to an intersection at the same time, the one to the right has the right of way.
- When turning left at intersections, you will only have right of way if you use your turn signal at least 30 meters before reaching the intersection
- At runabouts or when merging onto a highway, if a car has made a full stop on a side street prior to merging, it has right of way.
- The process of giving training and travel and practice in the actual application of traffic safety knowledge.
TRAFFIC EDUCATION
-places the student into real life of driving situations from the beginning.
COMPREHENSIVE METHOD
–enrolling in a driving school, seminar on traffic safety rules
TRAFFIC EDUCATION
BASIC TYPES OF DRIVING INSTRUCTION METHODS:
COMPREHENSIVE METHOD
TRADITIONAL INSTRUCTION METHOD
COMMENTARY DRIVING METHOD
SIMULATED CONDITIONS
SIMULATOR
–practical driving course (PDC) driving in actual
COMPREHENSIVE METHOD
- type of instruction depends on instructor-student communication.
TRADITIONAL INSTRUCTION METHOD
Example: Theoretical courses (lectures)
TRADITIONAL INSTRUCTION METHOD
- student-driver accompanied by an instructor while giving his comment.
COMMENTARY DRIVING METHOD
– combination of comprehensive
COMMENTARY DRIVING METHOD
- the premise of training is that the behavior of the driver placed in condition will be relatively analogous to normal behavior.
SIMULATED CONDITIONS
– static machine with all the important features of a car used in driving method/training.
SIMULATOR
- also known as “OFF THE ROAD”.
SIMULATED CONDITIONS
are mass publicity aimed to make road users behave more safely.
SAFETY CAMPAIGNS
-These basically focus on public information attitudes, and particular or specific behavior or combinations of these.
SAFETY CAMPAIGNS
– it is also known as “ROAD PROPAGANDA”.
SAFETY CAMPAIGNS
-may be intended simply to inform or it may be felt that the public is already aware of the recommended behavior needed to be persuaded into adopting it.
SAFETY CAMPAIGNS
- It deals mostly on the implementation and enforcement of traffic laws and rules and regulations.
TRAFFIC ENFORCEMENT
- A person who is duly deputized by an agency of government authorized by law to enforce traffic laws, rules and regulations.
TRAFFIC LAW ENFORCER
– the basis of all traffic enforcement.
TRAFFIC LAWS
MAIN AGENCIES RESPONSIBLE IN TRAFFIC ENFORCEMENT
- LAND TRANSPORTATION OFFICE (LTO)
- LAND TRANSPORTATION FRANCHISING AND REGULATORY BOARD (LTFRB)
- METRO MANILA DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY (MMDA)
- PHILIPPINE NATIONAL POLICE (PNP)
– it is created under RA 7924.
–sets policy on Metro Manila only
METRO MANILA DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY (MMDA)
What RA did METRO MANILA DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY (MMDA) created?
RA 7924
- The part of traffic enforcement performed by the police and other agencies with police power including deterrent to law violation created by the presence of uniformed police officer and their special equipment, special assistance to court and prosecutors and incidental service to highway users.
POLICE TRAFFIC LAW ENFORCEMENT
- The part of traffic law enforcement performed by the court by adjudication and penalization.
COURT TRAFFIC LAW ENFORCEMENT
FIVE ESSENTIAL STEPS IN POLICE COURT ENFORCEMENT PROCESS
- DETECTION
- APPREHENSION
- PROSECUTION
- ADJUDICATION
- PENALIZATION
- wholly police responsibility and entail looking for defects in the behavior of motorist, pedestrians, vehicles equipment and roadway condition.
DETECTION
-Requires knowledge on law on the part of the police.
DETECTION
- wholly a police responsibility where the police is required to take action at once to prevent continued and future violation.
APPREHENSION
- While this is a court function, the police also provides corresponding influence through preparation and introduction of evidence or close contact with the prosecution officer.
PROSECUTION
- While is obviously a court function, the police provides influence on this step by acting as a witness to the prosecution or supplying additional evidence.
ADJUDICATION
-This step determines the guilt or innocence of the accused.
ADJUDICATION
- The court imposes the penalty upon the accused.
PENALIZATION
-The penalty is greatly influenced by previous records of conviction as provided by the police.
PENALIZATION
– consists of legislation, police and the courts.
ENFORCEMENT SYSTEM
THREE (3) MAJOR ELEMENTS OF TRAFFIC ENFORCEMENT SYSTEM
- ENFORCEMENT SYSTEM
- ROAD-USER SYSTEM
- THE TRAFFIC SYSTEM
is charged with the responsibility of insuring that these are adhered to.
Police and the courts
defines and specifies correct or incorrect road user behavior.
Legislation
– includes pedestrians, pedal cyclists, drivers, passengers and other.
ROAD-USER SYSTEM
– consists of the entire road and vehicle complex.
THE TRAFFIC SYSTEM
KINDS OF TRAFFIC ENFORCEMENT ACTION
- TRAFFIC ARREST
- TRAFFIC CITATION
- TRAFFIC WARNING
- is an enforcement action which consists of taking a person into custody for the purpose of holding or detaining him to answer a charge of law violation before a court.
TRAFFIC ARREST
-Arrest is made when the:
* Offense committed is serious (nakasagasa ka)
* Detention is necessary to avoid continued violation
* There is reasonable doubt that the violator will not appear in court.
TRAFFIC ARREST
Arrest is made when the?
- Offense committed is serious (nakasagasa ka)
- Detention is necessary to avoid continued violation
- There is reasonable doubt that the violator will not appear in court.
- a means of having violators appear in court without physical arrest.
TRAFFIC CITATION
TYPES OF TRAFFIC CITATION
A. TEMPORARY OPERATOR’S PERMIT (TOP)
B. TRAFFIC VIOLATORS RECEIPT (TVR)
C. ORDINANCE VIOLATORS RECEIPT (OVR)
shall be used in apprehension of all violations and it is strictly required to be issued to the apprehended driver/operator at the site and time of apprehension.
TEMPORARY OPERATOR’S PERMIT (TOP)
VALIDITY OF TEMPORARY OPERATOR’S PERMIT (TOP)
72hrs or 3 days upon its issuance
- traffic citation that is used exclusively in Metro Manila..
TRAFFIC VIOLATORS RECEIPT (TVR)
- traffic citation that is used in the enforcement traffic management measures.
ORDINANCE VIOLATORS RECEIPT (OVR)
TRAFFIC VIOLATORS RECEIPT (TVR) validity?
72hrs/ 3 days upon its issuance
-The city and municipal traffic ordinances MTPB in case of Manila, local gov’t officer.
ORDINANCE VIOLATORS RECEIPT (OVR)
- an enforcement action which does not contemplate possible assessment of penalty by the court or otherwise as a result of warning alone.
TRAFFIC WARNING
ORDINANCE VIOLATORS RECEIPT (OVR) VALIDATY?
5 DAYS
- Jurisdiction: issuing agency is the local government
ORDINANCE VIOLATORS RECEIPT (OVR)
TYPES OF TRAFFIC WARNING
A. VISUAL WARNING
B. VERBAL WARNING
C. WRITTEN WARNING
- are usually used when you have observed a minor violation, the traffic enforcer only uses gesture of his hand and/or of the head to give the warning.
VISUAL WARNING
- telling the violator that he has violated the law and explain the hazards of such actions.
VERBAL WARNING
- combination of verbal warning and citations.
WRITTEN WARNING
- It is the study of dealing with potentially disastrous population explosion, changes in urban environment due to the scale and density of a new urban concentration and new activities carried out, air pollution, water pollution and crowding, especially transport congestion which result therein.
TRAFFIC ECOLOGY/ENVIRONMENT
- slow drivers or poor driving habits, pedestrian mistakes, officers’ error etc.
HUMAN ERRORS
- It deals with the benefits and adverse effects of traffic to our economy.
TRAFFIC ECONOMY
CAUSES OF TRAFFIC CONGESTION:
A. PHYSICAL INADEQUACY
B. POOR CONTROL MEASURE
C. HUMAN ERRORS
D. POOR MAINTENANCE
- ineffective mechanical control devices, inefficient traffic enforcers, poor implementation of traffic laws, rules and regulations.
POOR CONTROL MEASURE
- lack of roads, bridges, traffic facilities, rail road, etc.
PHYSICAL INADEQUACY
TYPES OF TRAFFIC PATROL
- LINE PATROL
- AREA PATROL
- unrepaired digging, unfinished road pavement because of inappropriate budget
POOR MAINTENANCE
- Part of police traffic supervision which consist of driving and walking here and there in an area or to and from on a road for the purpose of traffic law enforcement and to provide traffic connected service to the public.
TRAFFIC PATROL
- is a moving patrol or stationary patrol observation in an area or beat which includes a number of streets, roads or a sections on a highway.
AREA PATROL
- is a moving patrol or a stationary observation on a specified road between two points usually on one city street or a section of a highway.
LINE PATROL
- it is a traffic observation at a selected place, usually one with an unfavorable accident experience or traffic flow problem, for traffic law enforcement purposes and to detect violations of to deter possible violators.
STATIONARY TRAFFIC OBSERVATION
TYPES OF STATIONARY OBSERVATION
- CONSPICUOUS TRAFFIC OBSERVATION
- VISIBLE TRAFFIC OBSERVATION
- CONCEAL TRAFFIC OBSERVATION
- Observer remains in full view of traffic conditions.
CONSPICUOUS TRAFFIC OBSERVATION
- it is a stationary in which the observer is in full view but located.
VISIBLE TRAFFIC OBSERVATION
- it is a stationary observation in which the observer is not visible to the public.
CONCEAL TRAFFIC OBSERVATION
WHAT ARE THE WHISTLE SIGNALS?
- One long blast for STOP
- Two short snappy blasts for GO
- Three blasts to be used for assistance and/or for motorist to be attentive.
Two short snappy blasts for?
GO
One long blast for?
STOP
Three blasts to be used for _____ and/or for motorist to be ______
assistance
attentive
