Topic 2 Flashcards
prokaryotes
DNA: naked, circular, no introns
Organelles: no nucleus/membrane bound, 70S ribosomes
Reproduction: Binary fission, 1 chromosome (haploid)
size: smaller (1-5um)
eukaryotes
dna: bound to protein, linear, has introns
organelles: nucleus, membrane bound, 80S ribosomes
reproduction: mitosis&miosis, paired chromosomes (diploid+more)
size: larger (10-100um)
endosymbiotic theory
suggests that eukaryotic cells are from prokaryotic cells
- large host ingested bacterium (prokaryote) w same functions as mitochondria
- symbiotic relationship w both, mitochondria became specialised (carries out role) that it cant survive outside host
cell membrane
controls materials moving in and out of cell
cytoplasm
jelly like material where organelles are suspended
nucleus
control center of cell, stores dna
endoplasmic reticulum
tubes branching out of nucleus
smooth er: makes lipids for delivery out of cell
rough er: makes proteins, has ribosomes
ribosomes
turns mRNA (modified DNA) from nucleus to amino acids proteins
golgi apparatus
packages & transports substances from ER out of cell
lysosomes
breaks down waste & foreign particles (viruses&bacteria)
mitochondria
provides ATP (energy) for cell
animal cell adaptation
cellular respiration: energy from glucose breaks down to ATP, takes place in mitochondria
glucose+oxygen = carbon dioxide+water+ATP
C6H12O6 + O2 = CO2 + H2O + ATP
cell wall
rigid, provides shape & support
chloroplasts
- where photosynthesis takes place
- has chlorophyll: green pigment that absorbs light from sun
vacuole
stores food, water & waste
