Topic 2

Question 1

What is an ionic bond

Answer 1

Strong electrostatic attraction between 2 oppositely charged ions

Question 2

What 2 things affect the strength of an ionic bond?

Answer 2

• ionic charges- greater the charge- stronger the ionic bond (higher the charge)
• ionic radii
  Smaller ions can pack closer together, electrostatic attraction gets weaker with distance, so small closely packed ions have stronger ionic bonding than larger ions

Question 3

What are Isoelectronic ions

Answer 3

Ions of different atoms with the same number of electrons

Question 4

What happens to the ionic radius of a set of Isoelectronic ions

Answer 4

Ionic radius decreases as the atomic number increases

• the number of electrons stays the same
• but the number of protons increases
• this means the electrons are attracted to the nucleus more strongly pulling them in, so the ionic radius decreases

Question 5

What are the physical properties of ionic compounds

Answer 5

1- high melting points- ions held together by strong electrostatic attraction
2- soluble in water but no in non-polar solvents (tells that the particles are charged)
3- don’t conduct electricity when solid but can conduct when molten- free to move and carry a charge
4- can’t be shaped

Question 6

What is a covalent bond

Answer 6

Strong electrostatic attraction between the two positive nuclei and the shared electrons in the bond

Question 7

What is dative covalent bonding

Answer 7

Where both electrons come from one atom

Question 8

What are the properties of metals

Answer 8

1- high melting points because of strong metallic bonding
2- malleable- there are no bonds holding specific ions together and the layers of positive metal ions are separated by layers of electrons
3- good thermal conductors- delocalised electrons can pass kinetic energy to each other
4- conduct electricity- have delocalised electrons that are free to move
4- they are insoluble- except liquid in metals- because of the strength of metallic bonds