TOPIC 1A: coastal landscapes and processes ποΈ Flashcards
How can industry affect coastal landscapes ?
Hint: quarries
- coastal quarries expose large area of rock.
- this makes rock more vulnerable to chemical weathering, and erosion
How can urbanisation affect coastal landscapes ?
- Because coastal areas are popular places to live + work, they normally have lots of development.
How can agriculture affect coastal landscapes ?
Hint: unprotected
- agricultural land has a low economic value, which is often unprotected and vulnerable to erosion.
How can coastal flooding affect people ?
Hint: tourism.
coastal flooding:
- because of flood damage, coastal industries may be shut down, which can affect tourism, because flooding can put people off visiting.
How can coastal retreat and coastal flooding affect the environment ?
Hint: force of floodwater, bar eroded
coastal flooding:
- force of floodwater can uproot trees and plants. [; standing floodwater can also drown
plants]
Coastal recession:
- coastal recession threatens conservation areas such as lagoons.
- For example, if the bar that seperates a lagoon to the sea is eroded, this can connect a lagoon to sea- destroying ecosystems.
What is soft engineering ?
Hint: schemes are set up
- soft engineering, is when schemes are set up, using knowledge of the sea [and its processes] to reduce the effect of erosion.
What is hard engineering ?
- hard engineering, is man made structures that are built to control flow of sea and reduce flooding or erosion.
What are the advantages and disadvantages of sea walls?
Advantages:
- sea walls prevents erosion of the coast.
- sea walls also act as a barrier to prevent flooding.
Disadvantages:
- ; sea walls also create a strong backwash- that erodes under wall
- furthermore, sea walls are also expensive to build and maintain
What are the advantages and disadvantages of rock armour?
Advantages:
- cheap
- reduces erosion/flooding, by absorbing wave energy
Disadvantages:
- boulders need to be replaced because they can be moved around by strong waves.
What are the advantages of groynes ?
Advantages:
- groynes are a fairly cheap defense and, they protect the land from flooding and erosion [by creating wider beaches, which slow down the waves]
What are the advantages and disadvantages of beach nourishment ?
Advantages: created wider beaches which slow the waves- gives greater protection from flooding and erosion
Disadvantages:
- very expensive + has to be repeated.
What are the advantages and disadvantages of managed retreat?
Advantages:
- marshland can also provide new habitats for plants + animals.
Disadvantages: saltwater can damage existing ecosystems
How can coastal recession affect people ?
- coastal recession:
- as the sea is closer to settlements, they are less protected by beaches and cliffs during storms, which increases the risk of a flood
- risk of damage to infrastructure, such as roads + rail networks
What are the disadvantages of groynes ?
Disadvantages:
- ; groynes can starve beaches further down the coast of sand- makes the, narrower.
- this means narrower beaches donβt protect as well, leading to greater erosion and floods**