TOPIC 1A: coastal landscapes and processes 🏝️ Flashcards

1
Q

How can industry affect coastal landscapes ?

Hint: quarries

A
  • coastal quarries expose large area of rock.
  • this makes rock more vulnerable to chemical weathering, and erosion
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2
Q

How can urbanisation affect coastal landscapes ?

A
  • Because coastal areas are popular places to live + work, they normally have lots of development.
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3
Q

How can agriculture affect coastal landscapes ?

Hint: unprotected

A
  • agricultural land has a low economic value, which is often unprotected and vulnerable to erosion.
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4
Q

How can coastal flooding affect people ?

Hint: tourism.

A

coastal flooding:

  • because of flood damage, coastal industries may be shut down, which can affect tourism, because flooding can put people off visiting.
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5
Q

How can coastal retreat and coastal flooding affect the environment ?

Hint: force of floodwater, bar eroded

A

coastal flooding:

  • force of floodwater can uproot trees and plants. [; standing floodwater can also drown
    plants]

Coastal recession:

  • coastal recession threatens conservation areas such as lagoons.
  • For example, if the bar that seperates a lagoon to the sea is eroded, this can connect a lagoon to sea- destroying ecosystems.
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6
Q

What is soft engineering ?

Hint: schemes are set up

A
  • soft engineering, is when schemes are set up, using knowledge of the sea [and its processes] to reduce the effect of erosion.
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7
Q

What is hard engineering ?

A
  • hard engineering, is man made structures that are built to control flow of sea and reduce flooding or erosion.
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8
Q

What are the advantages and disadvantages of sea walls?

A

Advantages:

  • sea walls prevents erosion of the coast.
  • sea walls also act as a barrier to prevent flooding.

Disadvantages:

  • ; sea walls also create a strong backwash- that erodes under wall
  • furthermore, sea walls are also expensive to build and maintain
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9
Q

What are the advantages and disadvantages of rock armour?

A

Advantages:

  • cheap
  • reduces erosion/flooding, by absorbing wave energy

Disadvantages:

  • boulders need to be replaced because they can be moved around by strong waves.
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10
Q

What are the advantages of groynes ?

A

Advantages:

  • groynes are a fairly cheap defense and, they protect the land from flooding and erosion [by creating wider beaches, which slow down the waves]
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11
Q

What are the advantages and disadvantages of beach nourishment ?

A

Advantages: created wider beaches which slow the waves- gives greater protection from flooding and erosion

Disadvantages:

  • very expensive + has to be repeated.
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12
Q

What are the advantages and disadvantages of managed retreat?

A

Advantages:

  • marshland can also provide new habitats for plants + animals.

Disadvantages: saltwater can damage existing ecosystems

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13
Q

How can coastal recession affect people ?

A
  • coastal recession:
  • as the sea is closer to settlements, they are less protected by beaches and cliffs during storms, which increases the risk of a flood
  • risk of damage to infrastructure, such as roads + rail networks
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14
Q

What are the disadvantages of groynes ?

A

Disadvantages:

  • ; groynes can starve beaches further down the coast of sand- makes the, narrower.
  • this means narrower beaches don’t protect as well, leading to greater erosion and floods**
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