Topic 18: Amines, Amides, Amino acids, Proteins

Question 1

What is the amine functional group?

Answer 1

NH2R

Question 2

What is an aliphatic amine and what is an aromatic amine?

Answer 2

Aliphatic - the R group of the amine is an alkyl
Aromatic - the R group of the amine is benzene/phenyl

Question 3

What is the name of CH3NH2

Answer 3

Methylamine
or Aminomethane

Question 4

What is special about the amine group?

Answer 4

There is a lone pair on the nitrogen

Question 5

What is the general structure of an amide?

Answer 5

RC=ONR2

Question 6

What is a primary amide?

Answer 6

There is only one carbon bonded to the nitrogen atom
(only one of the two R-groups bonded to the N is a carbon)

Question 7

How do you name primary amides?

Answer 7

add -amide to the end

Question 8

What is the name of CH3CONH2

Answer 8

Ethanamide

Question 9

How do you name secondary amides?

Answer 9

The alkyl chain attached to the nitrogen is added at the start of the chemical name
This alkyl chain is prefixed with N-
The chain containing the carbonyl group is named the same as a primary amide

Question 10

What is the name of CH3CONH(C3H7)

Answer 10

N-propylethanamide

Question 11

What is the structure of an amino acid?

Answer 11

N-C-C backbone
NH2 group on end
CHR in centre
COOH acid on end

Question 12

How do primary aliphatic amines react with water?

Answer 12

• Dissolve in water as they can form hydrogen bonds with water molecules
• Amines also react slightly with water to form alkaline solutions

Question 13

How do primary aliphatic amines react with acids?

Answer 13

• ## Forms ionic ammonium salts

Question 14

How do you convert an ammonium salt back to the amine?

Answer 14

Addition of NaOH

Question 15

How do primary aliphatic amines react with ethanoyl chloride?

Answer 15

• addition-elimination reaction meaning two molecules join together, and then a small molecule is eliminated - in these examples, hydrogen chloride

Question 16

How do primary aliphatic amines react with halogenoalkanes?

Answer 16

• Organic product is a secondary amine and the inorganic product is a hydrogen halide, often hydrogen chloride

R’NH2 + R”X → R’NHR” + HX

Question 17

How do primary aliphatic amines react with copper (II) ions

Answer 17

• Ammonia can act as a lone pair donor in its reactions with transition metal ions

[Cu(H2O)6]2+ + 4NH3→ [Cu(NH3)4(H2O)2]2+ + 4H2O

Question 18

What is the colour change