Topic 17 Flashcards
How is Tollens reagent made, what colour is tollens reagent?
AgNO3 dissolved in aqueous ammonia. It’s colourless.
How is Fehlings solution made? What colour is it?
Dissolve Cu+2 ions in NaOH. It’s blue.
How is Benedict’s solution made? What colour is it?
Dissolve Cu+2 ions in CaCO3. It’s blue.
What do you use to convert a carbonyl to a hydroxynitrile?
HCN (KCN can be used along with this to promote dissociation of the CN- for reaction)
What do you get when reacting methyl carbonyl with I2? What condition is needed for this reaction to occur. What are the side products formed. What colour is the main product and how can it be identified apart from colour.
You get Triiodomethane. An alkali must be present for this reaction to occur. Side products are: RCOO-, I-, and H2O. Triiodomethane can be identified by its yellow precipitate or its antiseptic smell.
What is made when a carboxylic acid and a base react together?
A salt and water - neutralisation reaction.
What happens when a carboxylic acid is reacted with a carbonate or hydrogen carbonate?
Salt, CO2 and H2O is formed.
What do you need to react a carboxylic acid with to make an Acyl chloride. What are the side products of this reaction?
PCl5. Side products are POCl3 and HCl.
How can you make an ester from an acid and alcohol? State conditions and any side products.
Reflux with concentrated H2SO4. Side product is water.
Describe acid hydrolysis of esters. Include what must be added, any conditions and the products.
Must add lots of H2O. Reflux with dilute H2SO4. You will produce an acid and alcohol.
Describe alkali hydrolysis of esters by stating what must be used, any conditions and the products.
Must add OH- ions. Reflux it with NaOH. You form a carboxylate ion and alcohol.
How can you produce an acid from an Acyl chloride. State conditions and side products.
Must use cold H2O. Side product is HCl.
How can you make an ester from an Acyl chloride? State any conditions and side products.
Add alcohol at room temp.
How can you make an amide from an Acyl chloride. State conditions and any side products.
Add concentrated ammonia solution at room temp. You also get HCl.
How can you get N-substituted amide from Acyl chloride. State conditions and any side products.
Add amine at room temp. You get HCl as the side product.
