Topic 15 Flashcards
What colour is an aqueous solution of cobalt hexaaquacolbat(II) ion. What structure does it assume?¡
Pink, octahedral.
What happens when aqueous cobalt (II) reacts with OH-. What happens to this product in the presence of excess NaOH?
Forms a blue/pink precipitate. [Co(OH)2(H2O)4] solid. Some redissolves in the presence of excess NaOH.
What happens when aqueous cobalt (II) reacts with ammonia. State any further reactions that may occur with excess ammonia.
Hexaaqua ion precipitates a hydroxide with NH3 which has a pink/blue colour. [Co(OH)2(H2O)4] is the precipitate. In excess ammonia, ammonia substitutes as a ligand: [Co(NH3)6] 2+ which is yellow/brown. But the ammonia ligands make this unstable and air will oxidise the Co+2 to Co +3 which is red/brown.
What happens when the hexaaquacobalt(II) reacts with carbonate ions. Can Co+3 go through this same reaction?
Co+2 reacting with carbonate ions forms CoCO3 precipitate which is mauve in colour. Co+3 cannot go through this same type of reaction.
What happens when hexaaquacobalt(II) reacts with Cl-, what shape does the product assume? How can you reverse this reaction?
The product is [CoCl4]2- blue solution. It assumes a tetrahedral shape and adding excess water reverses the reaction.
What colour is the aqueous copper(II)? What shape does it assume?
Blue solution and octahedral shape.
What happens when hexaaquacopper(II) ion reacts with NaOH. Is the product soluble in excess NaOH.
Form a pale blue precipitate of [Cu(OH)2(H2O)4]. It’s insoluble in excess NaOH.
What happens when the hexaaquacopper(II) ion reacts with a carbonate ion?
Forms a blue precipitate of CuCO3.
What happens when the hexaaquacopper(II) ion reacts with some ammonia? What happens when this product is reacted further with excess ammonia?
When reacted with some ammonia, it forms a blue precipitate: [Cu(OH)2(H2O)4]. When reacted with excess ammonia, it forms a royal blue solution: [Cu(NH3)4(H2O)2]2+.
What happens when the hexaaquacopper(II) reacts with Cl-? What shape does the product assume and how can we reverse the reaction?
You form the yellow [CuCl4]2- solution which is tetrahedral. Adding excess water reverses the reaction.
What happens when Cu+2 reacts with iodine ions? What type of reaction is this?
You form CuI. It is an off white precipitate. It takes part in a redox reaction.
Why is Cu+1 chemistry very limited? Describe which complexes it can form when it’s stabilised.
The Cu+1 species takes part in a disproportionating reaction where it’s positive Ecell value shows that it’s instantaneously reduced and oxidised. It’s rarely found in the Cu+1 form hence its chemistry is limited. It forms the stable [Cu(NH3)2]+ ion and stable [Cu(CN)2]- ion.
What are some uses of copper?
Some uses of copper include alloys like brass and bronze.
What colour is the hexaaquairon(II) ion?
Pale green
What is made when hexaaquairon(II) is added to OH- ions. Does it redissolve in very concentrated OH-? What further reaction occurs after this?
A dirt green precipitate of [Fe(OH)2(H2O)4] is made. It redissolves on very concentrated OH-. On standing in air it slowly turns a rusty brown due to oxidation to iron(III): [Fe(OH)3(H2O)]. Increasing the pH renders the Fe+2 unstable.
What happens when hexaaquairon(II) reacts with carbonate ions?
You form an off white precipitate of FeCO3.
What happens when hexaaquairon(II) reacts with ammonia,is it soluble in excess ammonia?
You get [Fe(OH)2(H2O)4] precipitate which is insoluble in excess ammonia.
What colour is the hexaaquairon(III) ion?
Yellow-Green
What happens when hexaaquairon(III) is added to OH- ions. Is the product soluble in excess OH-?
You form a rusty brown precipitate of [Fe(OH)3(H2O)3] which is insoluble in excess OH-.
What happens when the hexaaquairon(III) ion is added to carbonate ions?
You get a rusty brown precipitate of [Fe(OH)3(H2O)3]. The high charge density of the iron makes the solution too acidic to form the carbonate. Instead, carbon dioxide is evolved.
What happens when the hexaaquairon(III) ion is added to ammonia?
A rusty brown precipitate of [Fe(OH)3(H2O)3] is made along with NH4+.
What happens when the hexaaquairon(III) ion reacts with SCN- ions?
A solution of blood red colour containing [Fe(SCN)(H2O)5]2+ is formed. It’s a very sensitive solution.
What colour is the hexaaquamanganese(II) ion in solution and is the solutions acidic or basic?
Very pale pink solution with an octahedral shape, it’s solutions are weakly acidic.
What is made when the hexaaquamanganese(II) ion is added to OH-?
You get an off white precipitate of [Mn(OH)2(H2O)4] which s insoluble in excess NaOH. It darkens on standing due to oxidation.
What happens when hexaaquamanganese(II) is added to some ammonia?
You form an off white precipitate of [Mn(OH)2(H2O)4] which is insoluble in excess ammonia and NH4+.
What happens when hexaaquamanganese(II) ions are added to carbonate ions?
You form an off white precipitate of MnCO3 which darkens on standing.
State what oxidation number of Mn is in MnO2. State what it looks like and what it catalyses.
Mn+4. It’s a black insoluble solid. It catalyses the decomposition of H2O2.
Which oxidation state of Mn is most oxidising and how is it found?
Mn+7 in the MnO4-. It is found as purple permanganate ion, MnO4-.
What colour is an aqueous solution of Cr+3 ions
Violet, it’s an octahedral structure.
What happens when the hexaaquachromium(III) ion reacts with OH-. Is the product soluble in excess NaOH? What happens when the product is added to an acid or alkali?
The green precipitate [Cr(OH)3(H2O)3] is made. It’s soluble in excess NaOH. When added to an acid, it forms [Cr(H2O)6]3+. Being amphoteric, it dissolves in excess alkali to form [Cr(OH)6]-3 ion.
What happens when you add the hexaaquachromium(III) to a carbonate.
The green precipitate [Cr(OH)3(H2O)3] is made. The carbonate is converted to a carbon dioxide molecule which is given off as a gas.
What happens when you add hexaaquachromium(III) to some ammonia? What is made in the presence of excess ammonia?
You get a green precipitate of [Cr(OH)3(H2O)3]. It’s soluble in excess ammonia and can go on to form [Cr(NH3)6]+3.
What happens when you oxidise Cr+3 in the presence of an alkali using H2O2?
You get yellow solution of CrO4-2
What happens if you acidify the CrO4-2 ion?
You produce the orange Cr2O7-2 ion
How can Cr+3 be reduced by zinc?
It’s reduced to Cr+2 in acidic solution
Are Cr+6 oxidising agents? What must they be used in conjunction with?
They are oxidising agents which must be used with H2SO4 when used alongside Cl- ions.
What metal ion does haemoglobin have?
Fe+2
Describe cis-platin
It’s an anti cancer drug which is square planar with 4-coordination number. Pt(NH3)2(Cl)2
What colour are Ag+1 ions?
Colourless
what are the colours of the different oxidation states of vanadium?
V+5 - VO2+ - yellow - used in the contact process.
V+4 - VO^2+ - blue
V+3 - blue/green
V+2 - violet
What colour is aqueous hexaaquaaluminium(III) ions?
Colourless octahedral
What happens when the hexaaquaaluminium (III) reacts with some OH-? Or carbonate or NH3?
White precipitate of [Al(OH)3(H2O)3] is formed which is soluble in excess NaOH. In excess OH it forms [Al(H2O)6]-3
