Topic 16: Social Motives Flashcards
What is motivation?
Has to do with what drives animals to do anything at all
What is the Id?
Source of basic drives - sexual and aggressive
What is the superego?
Pushes person toward behaving in socially appropriate ways.
What is Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs
- set of motives which humans are driven to fulfil
Pyramid - visual interpretation of his model
What is the highest level of need in Maslow’s hierarchy of needs?
Self Actualisation
- being able to do those things you were meant to do.
How do contemporary psychologists view motivation?
Believe that motivation is a state of arousal that promotes goal directed behaviour
e.g. Food deprivation - ‘I am hungry and want to be full - Foraging behaviour
What is the ego?
the component of personality, developed through contact with the external world, that enables us to deal with life’s practical demands.
What do motives serve?
A need
What is a need?
Satisfying a need leads to a positive emotion
Real or imagined loss of a need leads to negative emotion
Most people engage in goal-directed behaviour to obtain a need and are satisfied after a certain amount of that need has been obtained
What is a really important need that humans have?
The need to belong
Belonging leads to positive emotion
Real or imagined loss of belonging leads to negative emotion
People actively seek out belonging and are satisfied once they have a sufficient amount of belonging.
Therefore, belonging is considered a need that humans have.
Humans evolved strong motives to satisfy the need to belong.
What is ostracism?
Active rejection by other group members
What are the effects of cyberball exclusion?
Causes feelings of social pain even when participants are told that other players were just computer programs.
- Explain other theoretical approaches to motivation (e.g. terror management theory) and what predictions they make
Why do participants in cyberball feel physically hurt?
Because being ostracised triggers the dorsal anterior cingulate (DAC) - brain region that is normally activated during painful physical experiences.
What are the consequences of being ostracised?
- increase in pro-social behaviour in attempt to forge connections:
e.g. greater attention to social information, increased mimicry of behaviour, increased cooperation/compliance/conformity - But also antisocial behaviour, more aggression for people who feel they cannot control the situation.
