Topic 15: Research Methodology: Data analysis: Inferential analysis Flashcards

1
Q

What is an inference?

A

A statement about a population based on information contained in a sample from that population.

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2
Q

What are the 2 types of hypotheses used?

A
  • The null hypothesis(H0) stating that there is no relationship/effect/difference between the dependent and independent variables.
  • The alternative hypothesis(Ha) will always then state the suspected relationship between the DV and IV.
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3
Q

What are the 2 types of univariate hypotheses testing?

A
  • Relational hypothesis testing- how does change in DV vary with change in IV? (use if both DV & IV are continuous data)
  • Hypotheses about differences- how does DV vary from one group to another(IV) (use if DV is continuous data, while IV is categorical)
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4
Q

What are Type 1 (alpha) and Type 2 (beta) errors?

A
  • Type 1 errors occur when a True null hypothesis is rejected as false (study finds there is a relationship when in reality there isn’t; false positive) (There should be less than 5% chance of that happening)
  • Type 2 errors occur when a False null hypothesis is accepted by the study as true (study finds there is no relationship when in reality there is; false negative) (There should be less than 20% chance of that happening)
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5
Q

What are the 12 steps of inferential statistical analysis?

A
  1. State practical problem
  2. State statistical problem (identify DV, IV & objectives)
  3. State the null hypotheses(H0)
  4. State alternative hypotheses(Ha)
  5. Select tolerable alpha level (usually 5%)
  6. Select tolerable beta level (usually 20%)
  7. Determine sample size
  8. Select appropriate hypotheses tests (beyond scope of module, p-value is given)
  9. Run appropriate hypotheses tests (beyond scope of module, p-value is given)
  10. Interpret statistical finding (If p-value>=alpha value(5%) then H0 stands. If p-value<alpha value(5%) then reject H0 and accept Ha)
  11. Interpret practical results and link back to Step 1
  12. Write conclusions
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