Topic 1.4.2 - Enzymes Flashcards

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1
Q

1) What is an Enzyme?

A

Enzymes are proteins with a specific tertiary structure.

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2
Q

2) What is the active site of an enzyme and what is it’s function?

A

It is the functional part of the enzyme that binds to the substrate by becoming complementary to the
shape of the substrate. This allows the formation of an Enzyme-Substrate Complex (E-S complex).

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3
Q

3) How do enzymes affect the activation energy?

A

Enzymes lower the activation energy, due to bending bonds, allowing chemical reactions to take place at
lower temperatures than they would otherwise occur (e.g. body temperature).

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4
Q

4) Describe the INDUCED FIT model

A

Enzymes have an active site with a specific shape.
● Before the reaction the active site is not complementary to the substrate.
● Induced fit causes the active site to change shape and becomes complementary as substrate binds
● An enzyme- substrate complex is formed
● This stresses and bends the bonds in the substrate which allows the reaction to occur

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5
Q

5) How might a change in the primary structure result in a non-functional enzyme?

A

A change in amino acid sequence results in different R groups
● Results in a change in hydrogen / ionic / disulfide bonds
● Which results in a change in the tertiary structure
● Which changes the shape of the active site;
● Substrate is not complementary to the active site so no enzyme-substrate complexes form

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6
Q
A
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