Topic #14: IPv4 (2) Flashcards
These are addresses used in networks that require limited or no Internet access
Private Addresses
These are required in order to allow Internet Access to private addresses
NAT (Network Address Translation)
These are the addresses designed to have access on the Internet and carry the user wherever they want to go
Public Addresses
These are addresses that will be forwarded by a router and most can’t be assigned to a device
Special IP Address
List of Special IP Addresses
Network Address
Broadcast Address
Default Route
Loopback Addresses
Link-Local Addresses
Test-Net Addresses
this is a special address that refers to the first address of any network
Network Address
this is a special address that refers to the last address of any network
Broadcast Address
this is a special address that refers to the address when a specific route is not available
Default Route.
this is a special address that is used to test the configuration of TCP/IP on the local host
Loopback Addresses (124.0.0.0 /8)
this is a special address that can be automatically assigned to the local host by the OS in environments where no IP configuration is available
Link-Local Addresses (169.254.0.0 /16)
this is a special address that is set aside for teaching and learning purposes
Test-Net Addresses (192.0.2.0 /24)
Number of possible networks and hosts in Class A
2^7 nets with 2^24-2 hosts per net (around 16 Million host addresses per network)
Number of possible networks and hosts in Class B
2^14 nets with 2^16-2 hosts per net (around 65, 000 hosts per network)
Number of possible networks and hosts in Class C
2^21 nets with 2^8-2 per net (around 254 hosts per network)
Limitation of Classful Addressing
*not all organizations addressing requirements fit well into one of the three classes
*wasted address space
the system of addressing currently in use
classless addressing
Why must one plan an addressing scheme
*prevention of duplication
*providing and controlling access
*monitoring security and performance
Types of Hosts
End Devices
Servers and Peripherals
Hosts accessible in the Internet
Intermediary Devices
Addressing wherein the network aadministrator is the one that manually configures the network information for a host
Static Addressing
In Static Addressing, what needs to be included
- host IP address
- subnet mask
- default gateway
these are a block of addresses where in the DHCP server defines in order to be assigned to the DHCP clients on a network
Address Pool
On Addressing Servers and Peripherals
- must be static
- use consistent numbering system for such devices
On Addressing Hosts that are accessible from the Internet
- these are usually servers so they must be static
- must have a public space address associated
- numbered using private addresses
- router and firewall must be configured in order to translate the internal address of the network into a public address
On Addressing Intermediary Devices
- must be layer 3 addresses
- don’t necessarily need IPv4 to operate but need one in order to access for troubleshooting
- must be predictable -assigned manually
- must be different range from the network block
On Addressing Routers and Firewalls
- IPv4 Address
- In different networks since it serves as the gateway for hosts in that network
- usually uses the lowest and highest address in the network
- must be uniform across all networks in the corporation in order to know the gateway of the network
- group different types into logical addressing groups
- could create rules to address the group devices in order to have few security rules
this is the master holder of IP addresses
IANA (Internet Assigned Numbers Authority)
RIR
Regional Internet Registeries
AfriNIC
African Network Network Information Centre
APNIC
Asia Pacific Network Information Centre
ARIN
American Registry for Internet Numbers
LACNIC
Regional Latin-American and Caribbean IP Address Registry
RIPE NCC
Resaux IP Europeans
ISP
Internet Service Provider
Services that an ISP provide
DNS Services
E-Mail Services
Website
This Tier of ISPs is directly connected to the Internet backbone, customers are usually lower-tiered ISPs or large companies, use multiple connections to the Internet backbone, reliable and speed but high cost
Tier 1
This tier of ISPs focus on business customers, acquire service from tier 1 ISPs, and tend to have IT resources to operate their own services
Tier 2
This tier of ISPs focus on serving small to medium companies and homes, purchase internet from tier 2 ISPs, they have reduced bandwidth with less reliability
Tier 3
calculating the network address
the first in the address block or 00000000
calculating the lowest network address
network address and .1 or 00000001
calculating the broadcast address
01111111 of the host part of the address
calculating the highest host address
01111110 of the host part of the address
allows creating multiple logical networks from a single address block
Subnetting
When a block of addresses is divided into subnets all having an equal number of addresses, the type of subnetting is called?
Fixed Length Subnetting (FLSM)
Exam na ugma
Goodluck! Goodluck! Goodluck! Goodluck! Goodluck! Goodluck! Goodluck! Goodluck!
Calculating a Subnet
- Determine the default subnet mask
- Determine the number of subnets needed and hosts needed on each to determine how many bits to borrow from the host ID.
- Figure the actual number of subnets and hosts by borrowing bits from host ID.
- Determine the subnet mask.
- Determine the ranges of host addresses for each subnet
