Topic 13 - Nerve and Muscle Flashcards
What is the CNS?
Includes the brain andspinal cord. Receives, processes, interprets, and stores information and sends messages destined for muscles, glands, and organs.
What is the Peripheral Nervous System?
Transmits information to and from the CNS by way of sensory and motor nerves
What are the divisions of the PNS?
- Somatic nervous system
- Autonomic nervous system
What are the parts of the autonomic nervous system?
- Sympathetic
- Parasympathetic
- Enteric and cardiac plexuses (intimately connected with above)
What are the 3 major divisions of the brain?
- Hind brain
- Mid brain
- Forebrain
What does the Autonomic system do?
Regulates involuntary processes including: heart rate, respiration, digestion, pupil contraction. Operates automatically without conscious direction.
What does the Somatic nervous system do?
Carries sensory information from sensory organs to the CNS and relays motor commands to muscle.
What is the sympathetic nervous system responsible for?
Fight or flight response.
What is the parasympathetic nervous system responsible for?
Rest and Digest response
What are the characteristics of neurones?
- Cell types specialized for fast communication
- Very high metabolic rates
- Main component of grey matter
- Have dendrites - signal inputs
- Have axon -signal conduction
- Have synaptic terminals - signal outputs
Which transmitter do motor neurones produce?
Acetylcholine
What are the types of neuronal organisations?
- Multipolar (single long axon and many dendrites emerging from cell body, motor neurones)
- Unipolar (peripheral sensory neurones, ganglia)
- Bipolar (found in sensory structures)
What is a neurite?
projections out from the neurone cell body
How can you tell a dendrite apart from an axon?
Dendrites tend to be shorter and thicker than axons, often give rise to smaller spines and can spread out over a large volume of brain tissue
What are the two variations of multipolar neurones?
Pyramidal and Stellate
